Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
West Asia, encompassing the Middle East and North Africa, holds immense strategic and economic significance for India. Historically, India has maintained close ties with the region, rooted in trade, cultural exchange, and the presence of a large Indian diaspora. Recent geopolitical shifts, including the Abraham Accords, the ongoing conflicts in Yemen and Syria, and fluctuating oil prices, have further complicated the regional landscape, necessitating a reassessment of India’s interests. India’s engagement with West Asia is guided by the principles of non-interference and mutual benefit, aiming to secure its energy needs, promote economic cooperation, and safeguard the welfare of its citizens residing in the region.
Economic Interests
India’s primary economic interest in West Asia revolves around energy security. The region accounts for over 60% of India’s crude oil imports (as of 2023-24, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas data). Key suppliers include Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE, and Kuwait. Diversifying energy sources and securing stable supply lines are paramount. Beyond oil, India is increasingly focusing on investments in the petrochemicals sector and exploring opportunities in renewable energy projects within the region.
- Trade: West Asia is a significant trading partner, with bilateral trade exceeding $120 billion in FY23 (Directorate General of Foreign Trade).
- Remittances: The Indian diaspora sends substantial remittances, contributing significantly to India’s foreign exchange reserves.
- Construction & Infrastructure: Indian companies are actively involved in infrastructure projects in countries like the UAE and Qatar.
Strategic Interests
India’s strategic interests are multifaceted. Maintaining regional stability is crucial to prevent disruptions to energy supplies and trade routes. India supports a peaceful resolution of conflicts and opposes terrorism in all its forms. The region’s proximity to India and its role in global energy markets necessitate close monitoring of geopolitical developments.
- Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: India collaborates with regional countries on counter-terrorism efforts, sharing intelligence and best practices.
- Maritime Security: Ensuring freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is vital for India’s trade.
- Balancing Act: India maintains strategic partnerships with both Iran and Saudi Arabia, navigating the complex sectarian dynamics of the region.
Diaspora Interests
A large Indian diaspora, estimated at over 8.5 million (Ministry of External Affairs, 2023), resides in West Asia, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Their welfare and safety are a key concern for India. The diaspora contributes significantly to India’s economy through remittances and also acts as a bridge for cultural and economic ties.
- Labor Migration: India relies on West Asia for employment opportunities for its skilled and unskilled workers.
- Consular Services: The Indian government provides consular services and assistance to Indian nationals in the region.
- Evacuation Operations: India has undertaken several successful evacuation operations (e.g., Kuwait in 1990, Libya in 2011, Yemen in 2015) to protect its citizens during crises.
Political Interests
India seeks to play a constructive role in regional diplomacy, promoting dialogue and peaceful resolution of conflicts. It supports the Palestinian cause and advocates for a two-state solution. India also engages with various regional actors to foster cooperation on issues of mutual interest.
| Country | Key Aspects of India’s Engagement |
|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Strategic partnership, energy cooperation, defense collaboration, Hajj pilgrimage. |
| UAE | Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, investments, trade, counter-terrorism cooperation. |
| Iran | Chabahar Port development, energy imports, historical ties. |
| Israel | Growing defense and technology cooperation, agricultural collaboration. |
Conclusion
India’s interests in West Asia are deeply intertwined and require a pragmatic, multi-dimensional approach. Balancing economic needs with strategic considerations, protecting the diaspora, and promoting regional stability are key priorities. India’s ‘Neighborhood First’ policy extends to West Asia, emphasizing dialogue, cooperation, and mutual respect. The evolving geopolitical landscape necessitates continuous adaptation and a proactive engagement strategy to safeguard India’s long-term interests in this vital region.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.