UPSC MainsPOLITICAL-SCIENCE-INTERANATIONAL-RELATIONS-PAPER-II201910 Marks150 Words
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Q19.

"The growing closeness between India and Israel will strengthen the cause of Palestine." Comment.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of India-Israel relations and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The approach should be to acknowledge the strengthening ties between India and Israel, then analyze how this relationship *could* indirectly benefit the Palestinian cause, rather than directly strengthening it. Focus on India’s consistent support for the two-state solution, its economic and capacity-building assistance to Palestine, and how a stable Middle East, facilitated by improved regional dynamics, could benefit all parties. Structure: Introduction, Body (India-Israel ties, impact on Palestine – positive & negative, India’s balancing act), Conclusion.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The deepening strategic partnership between India and Israel, particularly in defense, technology, and agriculture, has been a notable feature of Indian foreign policy in recent decades. This evolving relationship, once constrained by India’s historical solidarity with the Palestinian cause, has gained momentum due to shared security concerns and mutual economic benefits. However, the question of whether this growing closeness will strengthen the cause of Palestine is complex. While seemingly counterintuitive, a stable and prosperous Middle East, potentially fostered by shifting regional alliances, could indirectly create a more conducive environment for a peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a position India consistently advocates.

India-Israel Strategic Partnership: A Growing Alliance

India and Israel established full diplomatic relations in 1992. Since then, the relationship has blossomed, particularly in the following areas:

  • Defense Cooperation: Israel is a major defense supplier to India, providing critical technologies and equipment. This includes missile defense systems (like Barak 8), drones, and radar systems.
  • Technological Collaboration: Joint research and development in areas like cybersecurity, space technology, and water management are key components of the partnership.
  • Agricultural Cooperation: Israel’s expertise in drip irrigation and other agricultural technologies has been instrumental in enhancing India’s agricultural productivity.
  • Economic Ties: Bilateral trade has grown significantly, reaching over $7.5 billion in 2023 (as per Ministry of External Affairs data, knowledge cutoff 2024).

Impact on the Palestinian Cause: Potential Benefits

The strengthening India-Israel relationship doesn’t necessarily negate India’s support for Palestine. Several factors suggest it could indirectly benefit the Palestinian cause:

  • India’s Consistent Stance: India continues to unequivocally support the two-state solution, recognizing an independent Palestine with East Jerusalem as its capital. This position remains unchanged despite closer ties with Israel.
  • Economic Assistance to Palestine: India provides substantial economic aid to Palestine, focusing on capacity building, infrastructure development, and humanitarian assistance. In 2023, India pledged $75 million in assistance to Palestine.
  • Regional Stability: A more stable Middle East, potentially facilitated by evolving regional dynamics (like the Abraham Accords), could create a more favorable environment for negotiations between Israel and Palestine. India, as a responsible stakeholder, supports regional stability.
  • India’s Mediatory Role: India’s good relations with both Israel and Arab nations position it as a potential mediator in the future.

Potential Challenges and Concerns

However, the growing India-Israel relationship also presents challenges:

  • Perception of Bias: Closer ties with Israel could be perceived as a shift in India’s traditional pro-Palestine stance, potentially alienating Arab nations.
  • Reduced Leverage: Some argue that stronger ties with Israel might diminish India’s leverage in advocating for Palestinian rights on international forums.
  • Arms Supply Concerns: The supply of advanced weaponry from Israel to India could contribute to the regional arms race, potentially exacerbating tensions.

India’s Balancing Act

India has skillfully navigated this complex situation by maintaining a delicate balance. It has consistently reiterated its support for the Palestinian cause while simultaneously strengthening its strategic partnership with Israel. This approach reflects India’s pragmatic foreign policy, prioritizing its national interests while upholding its commitment to international norms and principles. India’s voting record at the UN consistently reflects its support for Palestinian statehood and condemnation of Israeli settlements.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the growing closeness between India and Israel doesn’t directly ‘strengthen’ the cause of Palestine in the conventional sense, it doesn’t necessarily undermine it either. India’s consistent support for the two-state solution, coupled with its economic assistance to Palestine and its advocacy for regional stability, can indirectly contribute to a more conducive environment for a peaceful resolution. India’s ability to maintain a balanced approach, engaging with both sides, is crucial for fostering a just and lasting peace in the region. The future will depend on India’s continued commitment to dialogue and its role as a responsible global actor.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Two-State Solution
A proposed resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict involving the creation of two independent states: one for Israelis and one for Palestinians, living side-by-side in peace and security.
UNRWA
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East is a United Nations agency responsible for providing assistance and protection to Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip, West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.

Key Statistics

India’s contribution to UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) has been consistently increasing, reaching $20 million in 2023.

Source: Ministry of External Affairs, India (knowledge cutoff 2024)

Bilateral trade between India and Palestine was approximately $280 million in 2022-23.

Source: Department of Commerce, India (knowledge cutoff 2024)

Examples

Abraham Accords

The Abraham Accords (2020), brokered by the US, normalized relations between Israel and several Arab nations (UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan). This demonstrates a shifting regional landscape where traditional alignments are being re-evaluated.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does India’s growing defense cooperation with Israel affect its relations with Arab countries?

India has been careful to manage its relations with Arab countries, emphasizing that its partnership with Israel is not at the expense of its ties with the Arab world. India maintains strong economic and strategic partnerships with countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Egypt.

Topics Covered

International RelationsMiddle EastIndiaIsraelPalestineForeign Policy