UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-II202010 Marks150 Words
Q4.

Their beauty has thickened. Something is pushing them To the side of their own lives. (Larkin)

How to Approach

This question requires a literary analysis of the provided poem excerpt by Philip Larkin. The approach should focus on interpreting the imagery and themes presented in the lines. Key points to cover include identifying the central metaphor ("thickening beauty"), understanding the sense of displacement ("pushed to the side"), and exploring the overall mood and implications of the poem. Structure the answer by first establishing the context of Larkin's poetry, then dissecting the lines, and finally offering an interpretation of their meaning. Avoid overly subjective readings and ground the analysis in textual evidence.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Philip Larkin, a prominent 20th-century English poet, is known for his unflinching portrayals of everyday life, often tinged with melancholy and a sense of disillusionment. His work frequently explores themes of mortality, loss, and the passage of time. The provided excerpt, though brief, encapsulates many of Larkin’s characteristic concerns. The lines evoke a poignant image of fading beauty and a subtle, yet powerful, sense of alienation. The poem doesn’t explicitly state *what* is experiencing this displacement, leaving room for interpretation, but the language suggests a profound shift in existence, a quiet tragedy unfolding.

Decoding the Imagery

The opening line, “Their beauty has thickened,” is immediately striking. ‘Thickening’ isn’t typically associated with beauty; it suggests something becoming heavy, cumbersome, or even oppressive. This isn’t a vibrant, blossoming beauty, but one that is becoming dense and perhaps even suffocating. It implies a beauty that is past its prime, accumulating the weight of time and experience. This could refer to physical beauty aging, but more likely points to a deeper, more existential decay.

The Sense of Displacement

The subsequent lines, “Something is pushing them / To the side of their own lives,” introduce a powerful sense of displacement. The use of “something” is deliberately vague, adding to the feeling of an unseen, inexorable force. This force isn’t actively malicious, but rather passively pushes the subjects – whatever ‘they’ may be – towards the periphery of their own existence. The phrase “side of their own lives” is particularly poignant. It suggests not a complete removal from life, but a marginalization, a relegation to the edges where agency and significance are diminished.

Interpreting the Themes

Several interpretations are possible. The poem could be read as a commentary on aging and the loss of youth and vitality. The “thickening beauty” could represent the physical changes that come with age, while the displacement signifies the feeling of becoming irrelevant or overlooked. Alternatively, the poem could be interpreted more broadly as a metaphor for the human condition. The “something” pushing them aside could represent the forces of fate, societal pressures, or the inevitable march of time.

Larkin’s Poetic Style

Larkin’s style is characterized by its directness and lack of ornamentation. He avoids grand pronouncements and instead focuses on the small, often overlooked details of everyday life. This excerpt exemplifies this style. The language is simple and unadorned, yet the imagery is remarkably evocative. The poem’s power lies in its understatement and its ability to convey a profound sense of sadness and loss with minimal embellishment.

Possible Subjects of the Poem

  • Individuals: The poem could be about people facing existential crises or feeling alienated from society.
  • Relationships: It might depict the slow erosion of a relationship, where affection and connection are gradually replaced by distance and indifference.
  • Memories: The lines could represent the fading of memories, becoming less vivid and more distant over time.

Ultimately, the poem’s ambiguity is its strength. It allows for multiple interpretations, each of which resonates with the reader in a different way. The poem’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to capture the universal experience of loss, displacement, and the passage of time.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Larkin’s excerpt is a masterclass in concise poetic expression. Through carefully chosen imagery and understated language, he conveys a profound sense of melancholy and displacement. The “thickening beauty” and the unseen force pushing “them” to the side evoke a powerful sense of loss and the inevitability of change. The poem’s ambiguity allows for multiple interpretations, making it a timeless and resonant exploration of the human condition. It serves as a reminder of the fragility of beauty and the subtle tragedies that unfold in everyday life.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Existentialism
A philosophical theory that emphasizes the freedom and individuality of the human being. Existentialist themes often explore themes of meaninglessness, alienation, and the search for purpose in a chaotic world.
Understatement
A figure of speech in which something is intentionally represented as less important than it actually is. Larkin frequently employs understatement to create a subtle yet powerful emotional effect.

Key Statistics

According to the Office for National Statistics (UK, 2021), the percentage of the UK population aged 65 years and over was 18.6%, indicating an aging population which may resonate with themes of decline explored in Larkin’s poetry.

Source: Office for National Statistics (UK), 2021

A 2018 report by the Campaign to End Loneliness found that over 9 million people in the UK identify as often or always lonely, highlighting the prevalence of social isolation.

Source: Campaign to End Loneliness, 2018

Examples

The Waste Land (T.S. Eliot)

Similar to Larkin, T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” explores themes of disillusionment, fragmentation, and the loss of meaning in modern society, reflecting a post-war sense of cultural and spiritual decay.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Larkin’s overall poetic style?

Larkin is known for his direct, unadorned style, focusing on everyday life and often expressing a sense of melancholy and disillusionment. He avoids grand pronouncements and relies on precise language and evocative imagery.

Topics Covered

LiteraturePoetryLarkinThemesPoetic DevicesMortality