Identify challenges faced by generative and parasitic towns in India and their possible remedies.

How to Approach

This question requires understanding of urban geography, specifically the concepts of generative and parasitic towns. The answer should define these town types, identify the challenges they face (economic, social, environmental, infrastructural), and suggest remedies. A structured approach involving defining the terms, outlining challenges for each type separately, and then proposing solutions is recommended. Examples should be used to illustrate the points. The answer should be concise, within the 150-word limit, and demonstrate a grasp of the topic.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Generative and parasitic towns represent distinct patterns of urban development in India. Generative towns are self-sustaining urban centers with diversified economies, fostering regional growth. Conversely, parasitic towns are dependent on larger cities for economic survival, often developing around them as dormitory settlements or specialized service centers. Both face unique challenges stemming from rapid urbanization and uneven development, impacting their sustainability and quality of life. Addressing these challenges is crucial for balanced regional development.

Challenges Faced by Generative Towns

Infrastructure Deficit: Rapid growth strains existing infrastructure (water, sanitation, transport).
Environmental Degradation: Pollution, waste management issues due to industrial activity.
Socio-economic Disparities: Uneven distribution of benefits, leading to slums and informal settlements.

Challenges Faced by Parasitic Towns

Economic Dependence: Vulnerability to economic fluctuations in the parent city.
Lack of Employment Opportunities: Limited local employment, leading to commuting and congestion.
Inadequate Basic Services: Often lack comprehensive infrastructure and social services.

Possible Remedies

Decentralized Planning: Promote self-reliance in generative towns through diversified economic activities.
Infrastructure Investment: Prioritize infrastructure development in both types of towns under schemes like AMRUT.
Regional Development Plans: Integrate parasitic towns into regional development plans to foster local economic growth.
Sustainable Transportation: Invest in public transport to reduce commuting and congestion.

Conclusion

Both generative and parasitic towns present unique urban challenges in India. A holistic approach focusing on decentralized planning, infrastructure investment, and regional integration is essential. Strengthening local economies, improving basic services, and promoting sustainable development are crucial for ensuring the long-term viability and equitable growth of these urban centers, contributing to a more balanced and resilient urban landscape.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

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Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Generative Town

A self-sustaining urban center that generates its own economic activity and contributes to the growth of the surrounding region. It possesses a diversified economic base and provides employment opportunities for its residents.

Parasitic Town

An urban settlement that is economically dependent on a larger city or urban center. It typically develops around the larger city, serving as a dormitory town or providing specialized services.

Key Statistics

As per the Census of India 2011, 31.16% of India’s population resides in urban areas, a significant increase from 17.29% in 1951.

Source: Census of India, 2011

The share of urban areas in total GDP is estimated to be around 60% in India (as of 2023).

Source: World Bank Report, 2023 (Knowledge Cutoff)

Examples

Jamshedpur

Jamshedpur is a classic example of a generative town, initially developed around the Tata Steel plant. It has diversified into other industries and provides employment to a large population, contributing significantly to the regional economy.

Noida

Noida, located near Delhi, is a prime example of a parasitic town. It largely functions as a residential and commercial extension of Delhi, with many residents commuting to Delhi for work.

Frequently Asked Questions

▶What is the role of migration in the growth of parasitic towns?

Migration from rural areas and smaller towns to larger cities often leads to the development of parasitic towns as people seek affordable housing and employment opportunities in the vicinity of the main city.

Topics Covered

GeographyUrbanizationUrban PlanningRegional DevelopmentSettlement Geography

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