Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) stands as a pivotal institution in the Indian polity, embodying the principles of meritocracy and impartiality in public service recruitment. Established under Article 315 of the Constitution, it serves as the central recruitment agency for all civil services and other government positions. The UPSC’s role extends beyond just conducting exams; it also advises the government on matters relating to public services and investigates grievances concerning recruitment. The recent controversies surrounding exam paper leaks and evolving technological challenges highlight the ongoing importance and scrutiny of this vital constitutional body.
Constitutional Basis and Composition
The UPSC derives its authority from Article 315 of the Indian Constitution. Its composition is defined by the relevant Acts and Rules. It comprises a Chairman and ten Members, appointed by the President. The selection process involves interviews conducted by the Prime Minister-led selection committee.
- Chairman: Appointed by the President, generally a distinguished civil servant or a person with expertise in public administration.
- Members: The selection committee comprises the Prime Minister, the Home Minister, and a senior civil servant.
Powers and Functions of the UPSC
The UPSC's powers and functions can be broadly categorized into recruitment, advisory, and grievance redressal.
1. Recruitment Functions
The primary function of the UPSC is to conduct competitive examinations for recruitment to civil services and other posts in various Union government ministries and departments.
- Civil Services Examination (CSE): The most prominent examination, recruiting officers for the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS), among others.
- Engineering Services Examination (ESE): Recruits engineers for various government departments.
- Combined Medical Services Examination (CMSE): Recruits medical officers.
- National Defence Academy (NDA) & Naval Academy (NA) Examination: Recruits officers for the armed forces.
- Geologists’ Recruitment Examination: Recruits geologists.
- Integrated Aptitude Test in the Second Language (IATSL): Tests language proficiency.
2. Advisory Functions
The Constitution empowers the UPSC to advise the government on matters relating to public services.
- Advice on Recruitment Rules: The UPSC advises on the formulation and modification of recruitment rules for different services.
- Advice on Promotion: It advises on the principles governing promotions, seniority, and other service matters.
- Advice on Discipline: The UPSC advises on disciplinary proceedings against civil servants. This advice is, however, advisory in nature, and the government can choose to differ.
- Review of Pay Structure: Periodically reviews the pay structure of civil services.
3. Grievance Redressal Functions
The UPSC has the power to investigate complaints and grievances related to the recruitment and conditions of service of civil servants.
- Investigation of Complaints: It investigates complaints received from civil servants regarding unfair treatment or denial of legitimate rights.
- Report Submission: Submits reports of its investigations to the government, which then takes appropriate action.
Comparison with Other Commissions
While the UPSC is the central recruitment body, other commissions also play a role in recruitment. The following table highlights the differences:
| Commission | Scope of Functions | Recruitment Area |
|---|---|---|
| UPSC | All India Services, Group A & B posts | Civil Services, Engineering Services, Medical Services, NDA, NA |
| Staff Selection Commission (SSC) | Central Government Departments | Group B & C posts |
| State Public Service Commissions (SPSCs) | State Government Services | State Civil Services, State Police Services |
Challenges and Recent Developments
The UPSC faces several challenges in the modern era.
- Exam Paper Leaks: Recent incidents of exam paper leaks have eroded public trust and necessitated enhanced security measures.
- Technological Advancements: Adapting to online examination modes and incorporating technology for efficient assessment is crucial.
- Syllabus Relevance: Ensuring the syllabus remains relevant to the evolving needs of the civil services.
- Representation and Inclusion: Addressing concerns regarding equitable representation of various sections of society.
The recent introduction of the NCERT-based syllabus and the move towards a more inclusive and accessible examination process are attempts to address some of these challenges.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the UPSC plays a vital role in the Indian administrative structure, ensuring a merit-based selection process for civil servants and providing crucial advisory services to the government. While facing contemporary challenges like exam paper leaks and the need for technological adaptation, its fundamental importance remains unchanged. Strengthening its independence, enhancing security measures, and embracing inclusivity will be crucial for the UPSC to continue fulfilling its constitutional mandate effectively and maintain public trust.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.