UPSC MainsPSYCHOLOGY-PAPER-I202010 Marks150 Words
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Q5.

Women in a remote village have been deprived of development related benefits. What steps would you suggest to enable women to take advantage of these benefits ?

How to Approach

This question requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on socio-economic empowerment. The answer should identify the reasons for deprivation, then suggest concrete steps categorized for clarity (awareness, access, participation, and legal support). Prioritize solutions that are sustainable and culturally sensitive. Structure the answer around these categories, providing specific examples of schemes and initiatives. Avoid generic statements and focus on actionable strategies.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The marginalization of women in remote villages is a persistent developmental challenge in India, often stemming from deeply entrenched patriarchal norms, limited access to information, and systemic barriers to resource allocation. According to the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21), women in rural areas still lag behind their urban counterparts in education, health, and economic participation. Deprivation of development benefits perpetuates a cycle of disadvantage, hindering overall societal progress. Addressing this requires a holistic strategy that empowers women to claim their rightful share in development initiatives.

Understanding the Deprivation

Before suggesting steps, it’s crucial to understand the reasons for deprivation. These include:

  • Lack of Awareness: Women may be unaware of available schemes and their entitlements.
  • Social Norms: Restrictive social norms can limit women’s mobility and decision-making power.
  • Geographical Barriers: Remote locations often lack infrastructure and access to government services.
  • Gender Bias: Existing biases within local governance structures can lead to discriminatory allocation of resources.
  • Limited Digital Literacy: Hinders access to online information and services.

Steps to Enable Women’s Access to Benefits

1. Enhancing Awareness and Information Dissemination

Effective communication is key. This can be achieved through:

  • Self-Help Groups (SHGs): Leveraging existing SHGs as platforms for disseminating information about government schemes (like the National Rural Livelihoods Mission - NRLM).
  • Community Radio: Utilizing community radio stations to broadcast information in local languages.
  • Wall Paintings & Street Plays: Employing visual and performing arts to reach women who are illiterate.
  • Digital Literacy Programs: Conducting targeted digital literacy programs to enable women to access online resources.

2. Improving Access to Resources and Services

Ensuring physical and financial accessibility is vital:

  • Decentralized Service Delivery: Bringing government services closer to the villages through mobile camps and Gram Panchayat-level offices.
  • Financial Inclusion: Promoting access to banking services through initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana, and encouraging women to open bank accounts.
  • Skill Development Programs: Providing vocational training tailored to local needs, enhancing women’s employability (e.g., tailoring, agriculture, animal husbandry).
  • Infrastructure Development: Improving road connectivity, access to clean water, and sanitation facilities.

3. Promoting Women’s Participation in Governance

Empowering women to participate in decision-making processes is crucial:

  • Strengthening Local Governance: Ensuring women’s representation in Panchayats and encouraging their active participation in Gram Sabha meetings. (73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992)
  • Capacity Building of Elected Women Representatives: Providing training and support to women Panchayat members to enhance their leadership skills.
  • Women-Focused Budgeting: Allocating a specific percentage of funds in the Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) for women-centric schemes.

4. Providing Legal Support and Addressing Violence

Protecting women’s rights and ensuring access to justice is essential:

  • Legal Awareness Camps: Conducting camps to educate women about their legal rights and entitlements.
  • Establishment of Support Centers: Setting up women’s help desks and support centers at the village level.
  • Effective Implementation of Laws: Ensuring strict enforcement of laws related to domestic violence, sexual harassment, and property rights (e.g., The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006; The Domestic Violence Act, 2005).

Conclusion

Enabling women in remote villages to access development benefits requires a sustained, multi-pronged approach that addresses the root causes of their marginalization. By focusing on awareness, access, participation, and legal support, and by leveraging existing government schemes and community structures, we can empower women to become agents of change and contribute to the overall development of rural India. A collaborative effort involving government, NGOs, and local communities is essential for achieving lasting and equitable outcomes.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Patriarchy
A social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
Gender Budgeting
A publicly available budgeting tool that uses gender-based analysis to ensure that public resources are allocated equitably and effectively to address the specific needs of women and girls.

Key Statistics

As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2022-23, the female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in rural areas was 24.4% compared to 57.7% for males.

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, PLFS 2022-23

According to the World Bank, increasing women’s economic participation could add as much as $28 trillion to global GDP by 2025.

Source: World Bank, 2019

Examples

Kudumbashree (Kerala)

Kudumbashree, a poverty eradication mission in Kerala, has successfully empowered women through SHGs, providing them with access to microfinance, skill development, and entrepreneurship opportunities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of technology in empowering rural women?

Technology can play a crucial role by providing access to information, education, financial services, and markets. Digital literacy programs and the use of mobile technology can bridge the information gap and empower women to participate in the digital economy.

Topics Covered

Social IssuesRural DevelopmentGovernanceWomen WelfarePoverty AlleviationSocial Inclusion