Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Marriage in India, historically and culturally, has been considered far more than a union between two individuals; it’s been viewed as a sacred bond – *samskara* – essential for *dharma*, social stability, and the continuation of lineage. Rooted in religious scriptures and reinforced by centuries of tradition, marriage was often seen as an unbreakable commitment ordained by divine forces. However, contemporary Indian society is witnessing significant shifts in attitudes towards marriage, driven by factors like globalization, urbanization, and increasing individual autonomy. This raises the question: does the institution of marriage continue to hold the same sacred status it once did?
The Traditional Sacredness of Marriage
Traditionally, Hindu marriage was considered one of the sixteen *samskaras* (sacraments), a lifelong commitment not just between the couple but also between their families. The concept of *apavitra* (impurity) associated with remaining unmarried, particularly for women, reinforced its importance. Similarly, in Islam, *Nikah* is a solemn contract with religious significance. Marriage was primarily viewed as a social obligation, ensuring social order, economic stability, and the continuation of family names. Dowry, though legally prohibited, historically served as a marker of social status and the sanctity of the alliance.
Factors Eroding the Sacredness
Changing Social Norms & Individualism
Modernization and exposure to Western ideals have fostered a greater emphasis on individual choice and self-fulfillment. The concept of ‘love marriage’ gaining prominence over arranged marriages signifies a shift in the basis of marital selection. Increasing educational and economic independence, particularly among women, has empowered them to prioritize personal happiness and career aspirations, sometimes leading to delayed marriage or choosing to remain single.
Legal Changes & Diversification of Marital Forms
The Special Marriage Act of 1954 provided a secular alternative to religious marriage, allowing individuals of different faiths to marry. The introduction of divorce laws, though often stigmatized, has provided an exit option from unhappy or abusive marriages, challenging the notion of lifelong indissolubility. Furthermore, the recognition of live-in relationships by the Supreme Court (e.g., in S. Khushboo v. Kanniammal, 2010) further diversifies the forms of intimate partnerships, diminishing the exclusive sanctity of marriage.
Economic Shifts & Changing Gender Roles
The rise of the nuclear family and increased female participation in the workforce have altered traditional power dynamics within marriage. Economic independence allows women to negotiate marital terms and challenge patriarchal norms. However, this also creates new stresses and expectations, sometimes leading to marital discord. The increasing rates of divorce, though still relatively low compared to Western countries, indicate a growing acceptance of marital dissolution as a viable option.
Impact of Social Media & Globalization
Globalization and social media expose individuals to diverse lifestyles and relationship models, challenging traditional norms. The ease of connecting with others online can also contribute to infidelity and marital instability. The increased awareness of individual rights and freedoms, fueled by social media activism, further encourages questioning of traditional marital structures.
The Continuing Relevance of Marriage
Despite these changes, marriage continues to be a deeply ingrained social institution in India. For many, it remains the preferred pathway to social acceptance, economic security, and raising a family. The strong familial and community support systems surrounding marriage still provide a sense of belonging and stability. Religious ceremonies and rituals associated with marriage continue to hold significance for a large segment of the population. Furthermore, the legal and social benefits associated with marriage (e.g., inheritance rights, insurance benefits) incentivize its continuation.
| Aspect | Traditional View | Contemporary Trend |
|---|---|---|
| Basis of Marriage | Family & Social Obligation | Individual Choice & Love |
| Marital Duration | Lifelong Commitment | Increasing Acceptance of Divorce |
| Gender Roles | Patriarchal & Defined | More Egalitarian & Fluid |
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the traditional sacredness of marriage in India is undeniably eroding due to modernization, legal changes, and evolving social norms, it hasn’t entirely disappeared. Marriage continues to hold significant social, economic, and religious importance for a large portion of the population. However, its meaning is becoming increasingly individualized and negotiated, reflecting a shift from a primarily obligatory institution to a more voluntary and personally fulfilling partnership. The future of marriage in India will likely be characterized by greater diversity, flexibility, and a continued negotiation between tradition and modernity.
Answer Length
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