Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The 21st century is characterized by unprecedented technological advancements, often hailed as engines of development. However, this narrative often overlooks the complex relationship between technology and power dynamics. Development, in its broadest sense, encompasses economic growth, social progress, and improved quality of life. Dependency, conversely, refers to a situation where a nation or group relies heavily on others for essential goods, services, or knowledge, potentially limiting its autonomy. The rapid proliferation of technology, particularly since the advent of globalization, has undeniably accelerated development processes, but simultaneously, it has created and reinforced various forms of dependency, raising critical questions about equitable progress and global power structures.
Technology as an Accelerator of Development
Technology has demonstrably spurred development across various sectors:
- Economic Growth: Automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital platforms have increased productivity, lowered costs, and created new industries. The rise of the IT sector in India, for example, has contributed significantly to its GDP growth.
- Healthcare: Medical technologies like advanced imaging, minimally invasive surgery, and telemedicine have improved healthcare outcomes and accessibility.
- Agriculture: Precision farming, genetically modified crops, and irrigation technologies have enhanced agricultural yields and food security.
- Education: Online learning platforms, digital resources, and educational software have expanded access to education and improved learning outcomes. The SWAYAM platform in India is a prime example.
- Communication & Connectivity: The internet and mobile technologies have connected people globally, facilitating information exchange, trade, and cultural understanding.
The Creation of Dependencies
Despite its developmental benefits, technology also fosters various forms of dependency:
Economic Dependency
Technological Dependence: Developing countries often rely on developed nations for advanced technologies, creating a technological gap and hindering their ability to innovate independently. This reliance extends to software, hardware, and intellectual property. For instance, many African nations are heavily reliant on Chinese technology for their telecommunications infrastructure.
Digital Divide: Unequal access to technology and digital literacy creates a digital divide within and between countries, exacerbating existing inequalities. Rural areas and marginalized communities often lack the infrastructure and skills needed to benefit from technological advancements.
Data Dependency: The increasing reliance on data analytics and AI creates a dependency on data collection and processing capabilities, often controlled by large tech companies based in developed countries.
Political Dependency
Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities: Dependence on digital infrastructure makes nations vulnerable to cyberattacks and espionage, potentially compromising their national security and political stability. The Stuxnet attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities (2010) exemplifies this vulnerability.
Surveillance Technologies: The use of surveillance technologies by governments and corporations raises concerns about privacy, freedom of expression, and political control. The widespread use of facial recognition technology is a growing concern.
Digital Colonialism: The dominance of Western tech companies in the digital sphere can be seen as a form of digital colonialism, where these companies exert significant influence over the political and economic landscape of developing countries.
Cultural Dependency
Cultural Homogenization: The global spread of Western media and culture through digital platforms can lead to cultural homogenization and the erosion of local traditions and identities. The dominance of Hollywood films and American music is a classic example.
Information Control: Algorithms and content moderation policies of social media platforms can shape public opinion and control the flow of information, potentially influencing political discourse and social movements.
Loss of Indigenous Knowledge: The emphasis on Western scientific knowledge can marginalize indigenous knowledge systems and traditional practices.
Globalization and the Intensification of Dependencies
Globalization has amplified the effects of technology on development and dependency. The interconnectedness fostered by globalization has facilitated the rapid diffusion of technology, but it has also intensified competition and created new vulnerabilities. The global supply chains, heavily reliant on technology, are susceptible to disruptions, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the pursuit of comparative advantage often leads to specialization and increased dependence on other countries for essential goods and services.
| Aspect | Development Acceleration | Dependency Creation |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | Increased productivity, new industries, global trade | Technological gap, digital divide, data control by MNCs |
| Political | Enhanced governance, citizen participation | Cybersecurity threats, surveillance, digital colonialism |
| Cultural | Increased cultural exchange, access to information | Cultural homogenization, information control, loss of indigenous knowledge |
Conclusion
Technology is a double-edged sword. While it undoubtedly accelerates development, it simultaneously creates and reinforces dependencies across economic, political, and cultural spheres. Addressing these dependencies requires a multi-faceted approach, including investing in indigenous technological capabilities, promoting digital literacy, fostering equitable access to technology, and strengthening cybersecurity measures. A critical and nuanced understanding of the relationship between technology, development, and dependency is crucial for ensuring that technological advancements contribute to inclusive and sustainable development for all nations. Moving forward, policies must prioritize technological sovereignty and resilience to mitigate the risks of undue dependence and harness the full potential of technology for the benefit of humanity.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.