UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY202175 Marks
Q12.

Make a précis of the following passage in about one-third of its length. Do not give a title to it. The précis should be written in your own language:

How to Approach

This question requires a concise summary of a given passage, reducing it to approximately one-third of its original length. The key is to identify the central ideas and arguments, and to express them in your own words, maintaining the original meaning and tone. Focus on the core message, avoiding unnecessary details or examples. Structure the précis logically, mirroring the flow of the original passage. Avoid direct lifting of sentences.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Sustainable development, a concept gaining increasing global importance, seeks to balance present needs with the well-being of future generations. Originating with the 1987 Brundtland Report, it has evolved into a multifaceted framework encompassing economic, social, and environmental considerations. The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda, with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provides a roadmap for achieving this balance, but its implementation is fraught with challenges related to resource allocation, conflicting priorities, and global governance complexities. This précis summarizes the core arguments presented regarding the concept and its practical hurdles.

The core principle of sustainable development, as defined in ‘Our Common Future,’ centers on intergenerational equity – ensuring that future generations are not disadvantaged by present actions. However, translating this principle into practice is complex.

Challenges to Implementation

Several obstacles hinder the effective implementation of sustainable development goals. These include the inherent tension between economic growth and environmental preservation, a persistent issue particularly in developing nations. A significant constraint is the lack of sufficient financial resources, especially for countries striving to achieve these goals. Furthermore, the intricate nature of global governance presents difficulties in coordinating international efforts.

The 2030 Agenda and SDGs

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN in 2015, outlines 17 interconnected SDGs addressing a wide range of global challenges. These goals span areas such as poverty eradication, healthcare, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability, including climate action and responsible consumption.

The Need for Collective Action and Innovation

Achieving the SDGs necessitates a collaborative approach involving governments, the private sector, and civil society organizations. Crucially, technological advancements, particularly in renewable energy and resource management, are vital for accelerating progress. Recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasize the urgency of addressing climate change, a central component of sustainable development, and the potential for irreversible damage if action is delayed.

The Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities

Acknowledging historical disparities in environmental impact, the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ recognizes that developed nations bear a greater responsibility for mitigation efforts due to their historical contribution to environmental degradation.

Conclusion

In essence, sustainable development represents a crucial paradigm shift towards a more equitable and environmentally responsible future. While the 2030 Agenda provides a comprehensive framework, its successful implementation requires overcoming significant challenges related to resource constraints, conflicting priorities, and global coordination. A concerted, innovative, and differentiated approach, acknowledging historical responsibilities, is essential to ensure a sustainable future for all generations.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Intergenerational Equity
The principle that future generations should have the same opportunities as the present generation, and that the actions of the current generation should not compromise the well-being of those who come after them.
SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
A collection of 17 global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all," adopted by the United Nations in 2015.

Key Statistics

As of 2023, only 15% of the 169 SDG targets are on track to be achieved by 2030.

Source: UN Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023

Global carbon emissions reached a record high of 36.8 billion tonnes in 2022.

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - as of knowledge cutoff 2023

Examples

Costa Rica’s Renewable Energy Success

Costa Rica has consistently generated over 98% of its electricity from renewable sources (hydro, geothermal, wind, solar) for several years, demonstrating a commitment to sustainable energy practices and reducing carbon emissions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of the private sector in sustainable development?

The private sector plays a crucial role through investments in sustainable technologies, adoption of responsible business practices, and innovation in areas like green finance and circular economy models.