UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20211 Marks
Q15.

I don't approve to your smoking in public.

How to Approach

This question, while seemingly simple, tests understanding of social norms, public health concerns, and potentially, legal frameworks surrounding public smoking. The answer should frame the disapproval within a broader context of societal well-being and rights. It requires a nuanced response, acknowledging both individual liberty and collective health. The structure should begin by defining public health concerns related to smoking, then elaborate on the rationale behind disapproval, and finally, touch upon legal aspects and potential solutions.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Public health is a cornerstone of a thriving society, and the prevention of harm to citizens is a primary responsibility of both individuals and the state. Smoking in public spaces poses a significant threat to this public health, not only to the smoker but also to bystanders through second-hand smoke exposure. The statement "I don't approve of your smoking in public" reflects a concern rooted in these health risks and a desire to uphold a shared responsibility for well-being. This disapproval isn’t merely a personal preference but is increasingly supported by legal frameworks and societal norms aimed at creating healthier public environments.

The Health Impacts of Public Smoking

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for numerous diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year globally. A significant portion of this mortality is attributable to second-hand smoke exposure.

  • Second-hand Smoke: Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of respiratory infections, asthma attacks, and heart disease in non-smokers, particularly children.
  • Public Health Burden: The healthcare costs associated with treating smoking-related illnesses place a substantial burden on public health systems.
  • Vulnerable Populations: Certain populations, such as pregnant women and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of second-hand smoke.

Rationale for Disapproval

Disapproval of public smoking stems from several interconnected factors:

  • Right to a Healthy Environment: Non-smokers have a right to breathe clean air and should not be subjected to the health risks associated with second-hand smoke. This aligns with the concept of environmental justice.
  • Social Responsibility: Smoking in public demonstrates a lack of consideration for the health and well-being of others. It violates the principle of ‘do no harm’.
  • Setting a Negative Example: Public smoking can normalize the behavior, particularly among young people, potentially leading to increased rates of smoking initiation.
  • Nuisance and Discomfort: The smell of smoke and the visual aspect of smoking can be unpleasant and disruptive to others in public spaces.

Legal Frameworks and Regulations

Many countries and regions have implemented laws and regulations to restrict smoking in public places. These measures aim to protect public health and reduce exposure to second-hand smoke.

Country/Region Regulations
India The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 (COTPA) prohibits smoking in public places.
United States Regulations vary by state and locality, but many jurisdictions have comprehensive smoke-free laws covering workplaces, restaurants, and bars.
European Union The EU Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) sets minimum standards for tobacco control, including requirements for health warnings and restrictions on advertising.

Enforcement of these regulations can be challenging, but effective implementation is crucial for protecting public health. Penalties for violating smoke-free laws can range from fines to community service.

Addressing the Issue: Beyond Disapproval

While expressing disapproval is a valid response, a more constructive approach involves advocating for stronger enforcement of existing laws, promoting public awareness campaigns about the dangers of smoking, and supporting initiatives to help smokers quit. Creating designated smoking areas, while controversial, can be a compromise in certain situations. Furthermore, addressing the underlying socio-economic factors that contribute to smoking prevalence is essential for long-term success.

Conclusion

In conclusion, disapproval of smoking in public is a justifiable response rooted in concerns for public health, social responsibility, and the right to a healthy environment. This disapproval should be coupled with support for comprehensive tobacco control measures, including stricter regulations, public awareness campaigns, and access to cessation resources. A multi-faceted approach is necessary to reduce the harmful effects of smoking and create healthier public spaces for all.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Second-hand Smoke
The involuntary inhalation of smoke from the burning end of a tobacco product or exhaled by a smoker. It contains harmful chemicals and is a significant health hazard.
COTPA
Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 - A comprehensive legislation in India aimed at regulating the production, supply, and distribution of tobacco products, and prohibiting their advertisement and promotion.

Key Statistics

Globally, over 1.3 billion people smoke, representing approximately 20% of the world’s population (WHO, 2022 - knowledge cutoff).

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

Smoking-attributable healthcare expenditure in India is estimated to be ₹17,890 crore (approximately $2.4 billion) annually (Economic Times, 2017 - knowledge cutoff).

Source: Economic Times

Examples

Ireland's Smoke-Free Legislation

In 2004, Ireland became the first country in the world to implement a comprehensive ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces and public places. This legislation led to a significant decrease in hospital admissions for heart attacks and a positive impact on public health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it a violation of individual liberty to restrict smoking in public?

While individuals have a right to personal autonomy, this right is not absolute and can be limited when it infringes upon the rights and health of others. Public health concerns often outweigh individual preferences in such cases.