UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20211 Marks
Q35.

The decision before I joined the meeting. (Make)

How to Approach

This question is a grammatical exercise testing the candidate's understanding of tense and sentence construction. The prompt presents an incomplete sentence and asks for its completion using the word "make." The approach involves identifying the correct tense (past perfect continuous) and constructing a grammatically sound sentence that logically fits the context. The answer should demonstrate a clear understanding of English grammar and the ability to form coherent sentences.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The question, "The decision before I joined the meeting. (Make)" is a test of grammatical proficiency, specifically focusing on the correct usage of tenses and sentence structure. It requires the candidate to complete the sentence by appropriately using the word "make" to convey a past action that occurred before another past action. The core challenge lies in recognizing the need for a past perfect continuous tense to indicate an ongoing decision process that preceded the act of joining the meeting. A well-constructed answer will demonstrate a strong command of English grammar and the ability to express complex ideas concisely.

The correct completion of the sentence is: "The decision was being made before I joined the meeting." This utilizes the past perfect continuous tense ("was being made") to accurately depict an action that was in progress before another action occurred in the past ("joined").

Explanation of Grammatical Choices

The original sentence fragment lacks a verb and a clear indication of the timing of the decision. Several options might seem plausible at first glance, but only the past perfect continuous tense accurately conveys the intended meaning.

Why other options are incorrect:

  • "The decision made before I joined the meeting." – This uses the simple past tense, implying the decision was completed before joining, which doesn't necessarily reflect a process.
  • "The decision was made before I joined the meeting." – This also uses the simple past passive, suggesting completion rather than an ongoing process.
  • "The decision is made before I joined the meeting." – This uses the present tense, which is incorrect as the context is entirely past.
  • "The decision making before I joined the meeting." – This is grammatically incorrect; "making" requires a helping verb.

The Importance of Tense in Context

Understanding the relationship between events in time is crucial for effective communication. The past perfect continuous tense is specifically used to describe an action that was ongoing for a period of time before another action interrupted it or occurred. In this case, the decision-making process was underway before the candidate joined the meeting.

Illustrative Examples

To further clarify the use of the past perfect continuous tense, consider these examples:

  • "They were discussing the budget before the CEO arrived."
  • "She was preparing the presentation for hours before her boss asked for it."

Alternative Phrasing (Maintaining Correct Tense)

While "The decision was being made before I joined the meeting" is the most direct and accurate completion, slight variations are possible without altering the core meaning:

  • "Decisions were being made before I joined the meeting." (If multiple decisions were in progress)
  • "A decision was being made before I joined the meeting." (Emphasizing a single, specific decision)

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct completion of the sentence is "The decision was being made before I joined the meeting," utilizing the past perfect continuous tense to accurately convey an ongoing process preceding another past event. A strong grasp of English grammar, particularly tense usage, is essential for clear and effective communication, and this exercise highlights the importance of selecting the most appropriate tense to reflect the intended meaning and temporal relationship between actions.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
A verb tense used to describe an action that was in progress for a period of time before another action occurred in the past. It is formed using "was/were + being + past participle."
Passive Voice
A grammatical construction where the subject receives the action rather than performing it. It is formed using a form of "to be" + past participle (e.g., "was made," "is being done").

Key Statistics

According to a 2020 study by Cambridge Assessment English, approximately 70% of non-native English speakers struggle with accurate tense usage in written communication.

Source: Cambridge Assessment English Research Notes

A 2018 report by the British Council indicated that approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide are learning English.

Source: British Council - English in the World

Examples

Business Negotiation

During a business negotiation, a team might say, "We were considering several offers before your company submitted its proposal." This illustrates the past perfect continuous tense showing an ongoing consideration before a specific event.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between the past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses?

The past perfect tense (had + past participle) emphasizes the completion of an action before another past action. The past perfect continuous (had been + verb-ing) emphasizes the duration of an action leading up to another past action.