UPSC MainsESSAY2021125 Marks1000 Words
हिंदी में पढ़ें
Q5.

Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

How to Approach

This essay question, rooted in a proverb, demands a nuanced exploration of the power and influence wielded by women, particularly mothers, in shaping society. The approach should be multi-faceted, moving beyond a literal interpretation of 'cradle' to encompass broader societal roles. Key areas to cover include the historical and contemporary contributions of women in education, social reform, economic development, and political leadership. The structure should follow a logical progression: introduction establishing the proverb's relevance, body detailing various facets of women's influence, and conclusion offering a forward-looking perspective.

Model Answer

0 min read

Introduction

The adage "Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world" encapsulates the profound and often underestimated influence of women, particularly mothers, on the trajectory of human civilization. While seemingly confined to the domestic sphere, the ‘cradle’ symbolizes the nurturing of future generations and the transmission of values, beliefs, and knowledge. Historically, women have been the primary custodians of culture and morality. However, the proverb’s relevance extends far beyond traditional roles. In contemporary society, women are increasingly assuming leadership positions in all spheres of life, demonstrating their capacity to shape not just the family, but the world at large. This essay will explore the multifaceted ways in which women’s influence, from the personal to the global, continues to ‘rule the world’.

The Cradle and Early Childhood Development

The most literal interpretation of the proverb lies in the critical role women play in early childhood development. A child’s formative years, largely shaped by the mother or primary caregiver, are crucial for cognitive, emotional, and social development. Research in neuroscience consistently demonstrates the lasting impact of early experiences on brain architecture and lifelong learning. Maternal and child health programs, like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme launched in 1975, recognize this fundamental link and aim to improve the health and nutritional status of children and pregnant/lactating mothers.

Women as Agents of Social Change

Throughout history, women have been at the forefront of social reform movements. From the abolitionist movement led by figures like Harriet Tubman to the Indian independence struggle with leaders like Sarojini Naidu, women have challenged societal norms and fought for justice and equality. The Chipko Movement (1973) in India, spearheaded by women in the Himalayas, demonstrated the power of collective action in protecting the environment. Similarly, the women’s suffrage movement globally, culminating in the right to vote, fundamentally altered the political landscape.

Women’s Contribution to Education and Knowledge

Women have consistently championed education, both for themselves and for others. Savtribai Phule (1831-1897), considered the first female teacher in India, played a pivotal role in promoting education for girls and marginalized communities. Today, women constitute a significant proportion of educators at all levels, shaping the minds of future generations. Furthermore, women are increasingly represented in STEM fields, contributing to scientific advancements and technological innovation. According to UNESCO data (2022), globally, women comprise 33.3% of researchers, although this varies significantly by region.

Women in Economic Empowerment

Women’s economic empowerment is not only a matter of social justice but also a crucial driver of economic growth. When women have access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, they contribute significantly to household income, reduce poverty, and improve overall well-being. Microfinance initiatives, like those pioneered by Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank, have demonstrated the transformative potential of providing small loans to women entrepreneurs. The Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme (2017) in India aims to empower rural women through skill development and access to information.

Women in Political Leadership and Governance

While women remain underrepresented in political leadership globally, their participation is essential for inclusive and effective governance. Women leaders often prioritize issues such as healthcare, education, and social welfare, bringing a different perspective to policy-making. India has seen women in prominent political positions, including Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister and Pratibha Patil as President. However, the representation of women in Parliament and state legislatures remains below the 33% reservation mark advocated for by many. As of December 2023, women constitute approximately 14.44% of the members in the Lok Sabha (lower house of Indian Parliament).

Challenges and the Path Forward

Despite significant progress, women continue to face numerous challenges, including gender-based violence, discrimination in the workplace, and limited access to resources. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach, including strengthening legal frameworks, promoting gender equality in education and employment, and challenging harmful social norms. Investing in women’s health, education, and economic empowerment is not just a moral imperative but also a strategic investment in a more just and sustainable future.

Conclusion

The proverb "Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world" remains profoundly relevant in the 21st century. While the ‘cradle’ represents the foundational role of women in nurturing future generations, their influence extends far beyond the domestic sphere. Women are agents of social change, drivers of economic growth, and increasingly, leaders in politics and governance. Realizing the full potential of women requires dismantling systemic barriers and creating a society where they have equal opportunities to thrive. Investing in women is not merely about empowering half the population; it is about unlocking the potential of humanity as a whole, and ultimately, shaping a better world for all.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Patriarchy
A social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
Gender Equality
The state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making.

Key Statistics

Globally, women perform 64% of unpaid care work, while men perform 36% (UN Women, 2017).

Source: UN Women

Countries with higher female labor force participation rates tend to have higher GDP per capita (World Bank, 2020).

Source: World Bank

Examples

Malala Yousafzai

Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist for female education, became a global symbol of courage and resilience after surviving an assassination attempt by the Taliban for advocating for girls' right to education.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the proverb outdated in a modern context?

While the literal image of a 'cradle' might seem traditional, the underlying message about the profound influence of women remains highly relevant. The 'cradle' can be interpreted metaphorically to represent the nurturing of ideas, values, and future leaders, which women continue to do in various spheres of life.

Topics Covered

Social IssuesGender StudiesEducationFamily ValuesChild DevelopmentSocializationWomen Empowerment