UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I202210 Marks150 Words
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Q5.

Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological Department.

How to Approach

This question requires a descriptive answer focusing on the colour-coded weather warnings issued by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for cyclone-prone areas. The answer should explain each colour code (Green, Yellow, Orange, Red) and the actions recommended for each level of warning. A structured approach, detailing the warning levels and their implications, is crucial. Mentioning recent cyclones and IMD’s advancements will add value.

Model Answer

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Introduction

India, with its extensive coastline, is highly vulnerable to cyclones. The India Meteorological Department (IMD), as the National Meteorological Service of the country, plays a crucial role in forecasting and warning about these natural disasters. To effectively communicate the severity of an impending cyclone and facilitate timely action, the IMD has implemented a colour-coded weather warning system. This system categorizes warnings based on the expected impact of the cyclone, enabling authorities and the public to prepare accordingly. Understanding these colour codes is vital for disaster management and minimizing loss of life and property.

Colour-Coded Weather Warnings for Cyclones

The IMD’s colour-coded weather warnings are designed to alert people about the severity of a weather event. These warnings are issued based on the expected impact and are categorized into four levels:

1. Green Alert (All is Well)

  • Meaning: Indicates that weather conditions are not likely to cause any disruption.
  • Implications: No need for any specific preparedness measures. Authorities continue to monitor the situation.
  • Action: Continue normal activities.

2. Yellow Alert (Be Aware)

  • Meaning: Indicates that the weather could change and cause disruption to daily life. It suggests a need to be updated on the weather situation.
  • Implications: Potential for minor impacts like localized flooding or traffic disruptions.
  • Action: Stay informed, monitor weather updates, and be prepared for potential disruptions.

3. Orange Alert (Be Prepared)

  • Meaning: Indicates that the weather is likely to cause significant disruption and requires preparedness.
  • Implications: Expect moderate to severe impacts, including widespread flooding, damage to infrastructure, and potential disruptions to transportation.
  • Action: Authorities should be prepared for evacuation if necessary. The public should prepare for disruptions, secure property, and follow instructions from local authorities.

4. Red Alert (Take Action)

  • Meaning: Indicates that the weather is extremely dangerous and requires immediate action.
  • Implications: High likelihood of widespread and severe impacts, including extensive damage to property, infrastructure, and potential loss of life.
  • Action: Evacuate immediately if instructed by authorities. Take all necessary precautions to protect life and property.

Recent Advancements & Implementation

The IMD has been continuously upgrading its forecasting capabilities, including the use of advanced numerical weather prediction models and Doppler radar networks. These advancements have improved the accuracy and lead time of cyclone warnings. The colour-coded warnings are disseminated through various channels, including:

  • IMD website and social media platforms
  • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
  • State Disaster Management Authorities
  • All India Radio and Doordarshan
  • Mobile apps and SMS alerts

Case of Cyclone Biparjoy (2023)

During Cyclone Biparjoy in June 2023, the IMD issued timely and accurate colour-coded warnings, particularly Orange and Red alerts for coastal areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan. This enabled authorities to evacuate over 94,000 people, significantly reducing potential casualties. The proactive approach based on these warnings was widely praised.

Colour Code Severity Action
Green No Disruption Continue Normal Activities
Yellow Potential Disruption Stay Informed
Orange Significant Disruption Be Prepared
Red Extreme Danger Take Action

Conclusion

The colour-coded weather warning system by the IMD is a critical component of India’s disaster management strategy. By effectively communicating the severity of impending cyclones, it empowers authorities and the public to take timely and appropriate action, minimizing the impact of these devastating natural events. Continuous improvements in forecasting technology and dissemination methods are essential to further enhance the effectiveness of this system and build a more resilient India.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Cyclone
A cyclone is a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling winds.
Doppler Radar
A type of radar that uses the Doppler effect to detect the velocity of objects, in this case, raindrops and wind patterns within a cyclone, providing crucial data for forecasting.

Key Statistics

India’s coastline is approximately 7,516.6 km long, making it highly vulnerable to cyclones. (Source: National Disaster Management Authority, as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

Source: NDMA

Between 1891 and 2020, India has experienced 84 cyclones, of which 26 made landfall on the east coast and 10 on the west coast. (Source: IMD, as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

Source: IMD

Examples

Cyclone Fani (2019)

Cyclone Fani, which impacted Odisha in May 2019, demonstrated the effectiveness of the colour-coded warning system and evacuation procedures. Massive evacuation efforts, guided by Orange and Red alerts, saved countless lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a cyclone warning and a cyclone alert?

A cyclone alert is a general notification about the potential for a cyclone, while a cyclone warning indicates that a cyclone is expected to impact a specific area and includes details about its intensity and likely path. The colour codes are part of the warning system.

Topics Covered

GeographyScience and TechnologyDisaster ManagementMeteorologyClimate ChangeIndian Geography