Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The infiltration of illegal migrants, particularly from neighbouring countries, poses a significant challenge to India’s internal security, demographic balance, and socio-economic stability. While migration is a natural phenomenon, illegal migration strains resources, creates vulnerabilities to exploitation, and can exacerbate social tensions. Recent concerns regarding the influx of migrants from Myanmar and Bangladesh, coupled with anxieties surrounding the National Register of Citizens (NRC) process in Assam, have brought this issue into sharp focus. Addressing this requires a comprehensive policy framework that balances national security concerns with humanitarian considerations and international obligations.
Strengthening Border Management
Effective border management is the first line of defense against illegal infiltration. This involves:
- Enhanced Infrastructure: Investing in modern surveillance technology (drones, sensors, CCTV cameras), constructing border fencing (where feasible and strategically beneficial), and improving road connectivity for faster troop deployment. The India-Bangladesh border, being particularly porous, requires focused attention.
- Border Guarding Force Augmentation: Increasing the strength and capabilities of the Border Security Force (BSF) and equipping them with advanced training and equipment.
- Riverine Patrols: Strengthening patrols along riverine borders, which are often used as entry points for illegal migrants.
- International Cooperation: Regular border meetings and intelligence sharing with neighbouring countries to address cross-border crime and illegal migration.
Legal and Administrative Reforms
The existing legal framework needs to be reviewed and strengthened:
- Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) & National Register of Citizens (NRC): While controversial, these initiatives aim to identify and address the issue of illegal migrants. However, their implementation needs to be sensitive and legally sound, ensuring due process and protecting the rights of genuine citizens.
- Foreigners Act, 1946 & Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920: Strict enforcement of these Acts, coupled with streamlined procedures for identifying and deporting illegal migrants.
- Amendment of Citizenship Act, 1955: Reviewing the provisions related to citizenship by birth and naturalization to prevent misuse and ensure legitimate citizenship.
- Establishment of Tribunals: Strengthening the Foreigners Tribunals to expedite the process of identifying and deporting illegal migrants, ensuring fair hearings and legal representation.
Addressing Root Causes & Socio-Economic Factors
Addressing the factors that drive migration is crucial for long-term solutions:
- Economic Development in Source Countries: India can collaborate with neighbouring countries to promote economic development and create employment opportunities, reducing the incentive for migration.
- Humanitarian Assistance: Providing humanitarian assistance to refugees and displaced persons in accordance with international law.
- Rehabilitation & Integration: For those identified as refugees or asylum seekers, providing access to basic services (healthcare, education) and facilitating their integration into society, while ensuring they do not pose a security threat.
- Awareness Campaigns: Conducting awareness campaigns in border areas to educate local communities about the dangers of human trafficking and illegal migration.
Coordination & Technology Integration
Effective implementation requires seamless coordination between various agencies:
- Central-State Coordination: Establishing a high-level coordination committee involving central and state governments to share intelligence, formulate strategies, and implement policies.
- Database Integration: Creating a centralized database of illegal migrants, linking information from various sources (BSF, intelligence agencies, Foreigners Tribunals).
- Biometric Identification: Utilizing biometric identification technologies (Aadhaar, facial recognition) to identify and track illegal migrants.
- Use of AI & Machine Learning: Employing AI and machine learning algorithms to analyze data and identify patterns of illegal migration.
| Agency | Role |
|---|---|
| BSF | Border guarding, detection of illegal infiltration |
| Intelligence Agencies (IB, RAW) | Intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism |
| Foreigners Tribunals | Identification and deportation of illegal migrants |
| Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) | Policy formulation, coordination |
Conclusion
Combating the menace of illegal migration requires a holistic and sustained approach. Strengthening border security, reforming legal frameworks, addressing root causes, and fostering international cooperation are all essential components. A sensitive and humane approach, respecting international obligations and ensuring due process, is crucial to avoid unintended consequences and maintain social harmony. Continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adaptation of policies based on ground realities are vital for long-term success.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.