UPSC MainsMANAGEMENT-PAPER-I202220 Marks
Q9.

Global Events & Indian Business: Impact & Skills

Recent international events such as the pandemic Covid-19 and the Russian-Ukraine war significantly impacted global business environment. Briefly evaluate its impact on Indian business operations. Identify attributes and skill-sets required by a manager to operate under the prevailing global business environment.

How to Approach

This question requires a two-pronged approach. First, analyze the impact of recent global events (COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war) on Indian businesses, covering supply chains, demand, costs, and investment. Second, identify the essential attributes and skillsets a manager needs to navigate this volatile environment, focusing on adaptability, risk management, and digital proficiency. Structure the answer with an introduction, a detailed body covering the impacts and required skills, and a concise conclusion. Use examples to illustrate the points.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The global business environment has undergone a seismic shift in recent years, primarily triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated by the Russia-Ukraine war. These events have disrupted global supply chains, fueled inflationary pressures, and introduced unprecedented levels of geopolitical uncertainty. Indian businesses, deeply integrated into the global economy, have been significantly affected. This necessitates a re-evaluation of managerial competencies to effectively operate in this ‘new normal’ characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). The ability to anticipate, adapt, and innovate has become paramount for sustained success.

Impact of Global Events on Indian Business Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have had multifaceted impacts on Indian businesses:

1. Supply Chain Disruptions:

  • COVID-19: Lockdowns in China and other manufacturing hubs led to severe supply chain bottlenecks, impacting sectors like pharmaceuticals, automobiles, and electronics. Dependence on single-source suppliers was exposed.
  • Russia-Ukraine War: Disrupted supply of critical raw materials like sunflower oil, fertilizers, and metals (nickel, palladium) impacting food processing, fertilizer, and automotive industries. Increased freight costs due to geopolitical tensions.
  • Impact on India: Increased lead times, higher input costs, and production delays. For example, the automotive industry faced semiconductor shortages, leading to production cuts.

2. Demand Fluctuations:

  • COVID-19: Initial demand shock across most sectors due to lockdowns and economic uncertainty. Subsequent surge in demand for certain products like healthcare, e-commerce, and digital services.
  • Russia-Ukraine War: Reduced global demand due to inflationary pressures and recessionary fears in major economies, impacting Indian exports.
  • Impact on India: Volatility in consumer spending, requiring businesses to adjust production and marketing strategies.

3. Cost Inflation:

  • COVID-19: Increased transportation costs, labor shortages, and raw material prices contributed to cost inflation.
  • Russia-Ukraine War: Sharp rise in energy prices (crude oil, natural gas) significantly increased input costs for various industries. Fertilizer prices soared, impacting agricultural production.
  • Impact on India: Increased cost of production, leading to higher retail prices and impacting consumer purchasing power. RBI’s monetary policy tightening to control inflation.

4. Investment & Trade:

  • COVID-19: Delayed investment decisions due to uncertainty. Shift towards ‘China+1’ strategy, benefiting Indian manufacturing.
  • Russia-Ukraine War: Reduced foreign investment flows due to geopolitical risks. Increased trade opportunities with countries seeking alternative suppliers.
  • Impact on India: Increased focus on domestic manufacturing and supply chain resilience. Opportunities to strengthen trade relations with Europe and other regions.

Attributes and Skill-sets Required by a Manager

To effectively operate in the prevailing global business environment, managers require a blend of traditional and new-age skills:

1. Adaptability & Resilience:

  • Ability to quickly adjust to changing circumstances and embrace new technologies.
  • Mental fortitude to navigate uncertainty and setbacks.

2. Risk Management & Scenario Planning:

  • Proactive identification and assessment of potential risks (geopolitical, economic, supply chain).
  • Development of contingency plans and mitigation strategies.
  • Utilizing tools like SWOT analysis and scenario planning.

3. Digital Proficiency & Data Analytics:

  • Understanding of digital technologies (AI, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing) and their application in business.
  • Ability to analyze data to identify trends, make informed decisions, and optimize operations.

4. Supply Chain Management Expertise:

  • Diversification of sourcing strategies to reduce dependence on single suppliers.
  • Building resilient supply chains with buffer stocks and alternative transportation routes.
  • Leveraging technology for supply chain visibility and optimization.

5. Cross-Cultural Communication & Negotiation Skills:

  • Effective communication and collaboration with stakeholders from diverse cultural backgrounds.
  • Negotiation skills to secure favorable terms with suppliers and customers.

6. Strategic Thinking & Innovation:

  • Ability to anticipate future trends and develop innovative solutions.
  • Focus on long-term sustainability and value creation.
Skill Description Relevance to Current Environment
Adaptability Ability to adjust to new conditions Essential for navigating unpredictable global events
Risk Management Identifying and mitigating potential threats Crucial for protecting business from disruptions
Digital Literacy Proficiency in digital tools and technologies Enables efficient operations and data-driven decision-making

Conclusion

The recent global events have underscored the interconnectedness of the global economy and the vulnerability of businesses to external shocks. Indian businesses have demonstrated resilience, but sustained success requires a proactive approach to risk management, supply chain diversification, and digital transformation. Managers must cultivate adaptability, strategic thinking, and a data-driven mindset to navigate the complexities of the evolving global landscape and capitalize on emerging opportunities. Investing in upskilling and reskilling the workforce is crucial for building a future-ready business ecosystem.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

VUCA
VUCA stands for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity – a concept used to describe the nature of modern business environments.
Nearshoring
Nearshoring is a business strategy that involves relocating business processes or services to a nearby country, often sharing a border or time zone, to reduce costs and improve communication.

Key Statistics

India's merchandise exports reached $447.46 billion in FY23, a growth of 0.74% over the previous fiscal year, despite global headwinds.

Source: Department of Commerce, Government of India (as of knowledge cutoff - May 2023)

India’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows increased to $84.835 billion in FY23, indicating continued investor confidence despite global uncertainties.

Source: Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Government of India (as of knowledge cutoff - May 2023)

Examples

Tata Steel and the Russia-Ukraine War

Tata Steel, with significant operations in Europe, faced challenges due to the disruption of raw material supplies from Russia and Ukraine. The company proactively diversified its sourcing and increased reliance on alternative suppliers to mitigate the impact.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can Indian SMEs cope with supply chain disruptions?

SMEs can focus on building relationships with multiple suppliers, exploring local sourcing options, and leveraging digital platforms for supply chain visibility and collaboration.

Topics Covered

EconomyInternational RelationsBusiness EnvironmentGlobalizationSupply ChainRisk Management