Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Work study is a systematic examination and redesign of work methods to improve operational efficiency. It’s a powerful tool for enhancing productivity, reducing costs, and improving working conditions. Method study, a crucial component of work study, focuses on reducing the work content of a job, while work measurement assesses the time required to perform the job. The principles of work study gained prominence with the contributions of Frederick Winslow Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 20th century, and continue to be relevant in modern industrial engineering and management practices. This answer will detail the steps involved in both work study and method study, outlining their individual processes and overall contribution to operational excellence.
Work Study: A Comprehensive Overview
Work study encompasses both method study and work measurement. The general steps involved in work study are:
- Selection: Identifying the work situation for study. This could be based on complaints, high costs, bottlenecks, or potential for improvement.
- Recording: Systematically documenting the existing method using various techniques like process charts, flow diagrams, string diagrams, and time studies.
- Examination: Critically analyzing the recorded information to identify areas of improvement. This involves questioning every element of the job – purpose, place, sequence, person, and equipment.
- Modelling: Developing a proposed new method based on the examination stage. This may involve creating layouts, designing new tools, or suggesting changes to work procedures.
- Implementation: Putting the proposed method into practice. This requires careful planning, communication, and training of workers.
- Maintenance: Regularly reviewing the implemented method to ensure it continues to be effective and identifying further opportunities for improvement.
Method Study: A Detailed Breakdown
Method study is the systematic recording, examination, and improvement of existing and proposed work methods. It focuses on reducing the work content of a job. The steps involved are:
1. Select the Work to be Studied
Prioritize areas with high potential for improvement, considering factors like cost, frequency, safety, and worker dissatisfaction.
2. Record the Present Method
This involves detailed documentation of the current process. Common techniques include:
- Process Chart: A graphical representation of the sequence of operations, transports, inspections, delays, and storages.
- Flow Diagram: A visual representation of the physical movement of materials and people.
- String Diagram: Used to analyze the movement of people or materials in a work area.
- Operation Cycle Chart: A detailed chart showing the sequence of events for one unit of work.
3. Examine the Recorded Method Critically
This is the most crucial step. Apply the 5S principles (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) and question every element using the following:
- Purpose: Why is this step necessary?
- Place: Where is this step performed? Can it be done elsewhere?
- Sequence: Is the order of steps optimal?
- Person: Is the right person performing this step?
- Equipment: Is the right equipment being used?
- Eliminate: Can any steps be eliminated altogether?
- Combine: Can any steps be combined?
- Change: Can the sequence of steps be changed?
- Simplify: Can any steps be simplified?
4. Develop a Proposed Method
Based on the critical examination, develop a new, improved method. This may involve creating new layouts, designing new tools, or changing work procedures. Consider alternative methods and evaluate their feasibility.
5. Install the Proposed Method
Implement the new method carefully, providing training and support to workers. A pilot implementation is often recommended to identify and address any unforeseen issues.
6. Maintain the New Method
Regularly monitor the new method to ensure it continues to be effective. Identify any areas for further improvement and make adjustments as needed. Periodic audits are essential.
Distinction between Method Study and Work Measurement
| Feature | Method Study | Work Measurement |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Reducing work content | Measuring work time |
| Objective | Improve methods | Establish time standards |
| Techniques | Process charts, flow diagrams, 5S | Time study, predetermined motion time systems (PMTS) |
| Outcome | Improved efficiency, reduced costs | Realistic work standards, accurate cost estimation |
Conclusion
Work study, with method study as its core component, is a vital methodology for optimizing operational efficiency. By systematically analyzing and improving work methods, organizations can reduce costs, enhance productivity, and improve working conditions. The continuous cycle of selection, recording, examination, modelling, implementation, and maintenance ensures sustained improvement. Adopting these principles is crucial for organizations seeking to remain competitive in today’s dynamic business environment. Furthermore, integrating these techniques with modern technologies like simulation and data analytics can unlock even greater potential for optimization.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.