Define the terms 'work study' and 'method study'.

Work Study: A Comprehensive Overview

Work study is a technique which is used to examine work methods and to improve the efficiency of work. It is a systematic examination of the methods of carrying on operations and the conditions under which they are performed, in order to effect improvement. It’s a broad term encompassing a range of techniques, primarily method study and work measurement.

• Objectives of Work Study:
  • Improve operational efficiency.
  • Reduce production costs.
  • Improve working conditions.
  • Enhance worker satisfaction.
  • Facilitate better planning and control.
• Techniques used in Work Study:
  • Method Study
  • Work Measurement
  • Micro-motion study
  • Process charting
  • Operation research

Method Study: A Detailed Examination

Method study is the systematic recording, examination and improvement of existing and proposed work methods to optimize effectiveness and efficiency. It is a key component of work study, focusing specifically on the *way* work is done, rather than the time taken to do it (which is the focus of work measurement).

• Objectives of Method Study:
  • Improve processes and procedures.
  • Eliminate unnecessary movements.
  • Simplify work content.
  • Standardize work practices.
  • Reduce fatigue and improve safety.
• Techniques used in Method Study:
  • Process Charting: Visually representing the sequence of operations, transportations, inspections, delays, and storages.
  • Flow Diagrams: Illustrating the physical movement of materials and people.
  • String Diagrams: Mapping the path of movement of workers or materials.
  • Operation Research: Applying mathematical and analytical techniques to optimize processes.
  • 5S Methodology: Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain – a system for organizing workspaces.

Work Study vs. Method Study: A Comparative Analysis

While closely related, work study and method study are not interchangeable. Method study is a *part* of work study. The following table highlights the key differences:

Feature	Work Study	Method Study
Scope	Broader; includes method study and work measurement.	Narrower; focuses solely on improving methods.
Focus	Efficiency of work – both method and time.	Efficiency of method – how work is done.
Techniques	Method study, work measurement, micro-motion study, etc.	Process charting, flow diagrams, string diagrams, 5S, etc.
Outcome	Improved overall productivity and reduced costs.	Improved work methods, reduced unnecessary movements, and standardized procedures.

For example, a manufacturing company might use method study to redesign the assembly line layout to minimize worker movement. Subsequently, work study, including work measurement, would be used to determine the standard time required for each task on the redesigned line, ensuring optimal efficiency.