Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
India’s livestock sector plays a vital role in the rural economy, contributing significantly to agricultural GDP and providing livelihood security. Recognizing its importance, the government launched the National Livestock Mission (NLM) as part of the "Azadi@75" initiative. The NLM aims to enhance the productivity and sustainability of livestock farming, promoting animal health and welfare, and contributing to the overall growth of the sector. It is a crucial component of the larger Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) scheme, reflecting the government's commitment to modernizing and strengthening the livestock value chain.
Overview of the National Livestock Mission
The National Livestock Mission (NLM) was launched in 2021-22 with a total outlay of ₹29,683 crore over three years. It comprises three sub-missions:
- National Bovine Productivity Enhancement Programme (NBPPEP): Focuses on breed improvement through breed conservation, breed development, and breed multiplication.
- National Artificial Insemination Programme (NAIP): Aims to improve the genetic makeup of livestock through widespread adoption of artificial insemination.
- Livestock Infrastructure Development Programme (LIDP): Focuses on creating infrastructure for livestock farming.
Key Components of the National Livestock Mission
| Component | Objectives | Activities |
|---|---|---|
| NBPPEP | Improve breed productivity & conservation | Establishment of breed conservation farms, genetic resource centers, breed multiplication farms, and indigenous cattle sub-scheme. |
| NAIP | Widespread adoption of AI | Training of AI technicians, provision of liquid nitrogen plants, and distribution of frozen semen doses. |
| LIDP | Create infrastructure for livestock farming | Setting up of dairy processing units, poultry processing units, animal feed units, and strengthening veterinary infrastructure. |
Specific Initiatives and Focus Areas
- Disease Control: The mission emphasizes disease prevention and control through vaccination programs and improved veterinary services. This is particularly crucial given outbreaks like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD).
- Feed and Fodder Development: Focuses on improving the availability and quality of feed and fodder, essential for livestock productivity. Initiatives include promoting fodder cultivation and establishing feed processing units.
- Infrastructure Enhancement: The LIDP aims at creating cold chain infrastructure, strengthening veterinary clinics and disease diagnostic centers, and promoting value-added processing of livestock products.
- Promotion of Indigenous Breeds: Special emphasis is placed on conserving and promoting indigenous breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, and Ongole, which are adapted to local conditions and contribute to resilience.
Challenges and Future Scope
Despite the significant potential, the NLM faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to quality feed and fodder, and the prevalence of livestock diseases. Future improvements should focus on:
- Strengthening Extension Services: Improving farmer outreach and providing technical guidance on modern livestock management practices.
- Promoting Public-Private Partnerships: Encouraging private sector investment in livestock infrastructure and technology.
- Data-Driven Decision Making: Leveraging technology and data analytics to monitor livestock health, productivity, and market trends.
Conclusion
The National Livestock Mission represents a significant step towards modernizing India's livestock sector and ensuring its contribution to food security and rural livelihoods. By focusing on breed improvement, infrastructure development, and disease control, the mission aims to enhance productivity and sustainability. Addressing the challenges related to infrastructure and farmer outreach, alongside embracing technological advancements, will be critical for realizing the mission's full potential and ensuring a thriving livestock sector in India.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.