UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY202375 Marks
Q2.

Read carefully the passage given below and write your answers to the questions that follow in clear, correct and concise language :

How to Approach

This question requires a careful reading of the provided passage (which is missing in the prompt, so I will assume a general comprehension and writing task). The answer should demonstrate strong language skills – clarity, correctness, and conciseness. The approach will involve understanding the implied themes of the passage, structuring the response logically (introduction, body paragraphs addressing key points, and conclusion), and using precise language. Since the passage is absent, I will create a hypothetical scenario focusing on the importance of digital literacy in contemporary India.

Model Answer

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Introduction

In the 21st century, digital literacy has emerged as a fundamental skill, akin to reading and writing, crucial for socio-economic participation. India, with its burgeoning digital infrastructure and ambitious Digital India initiative launched in 2015, stands at a pivotal juncture. However, the digital divide – the gap between those who have access to and the ability to use digital technologies and those who do not – remains a significant challenge. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the benefits, challenges, and strategies to promote digital literacy across all sections of society, ensuring inclusive growth and empowering citizens in the digital age. This response will explore these facets, highlighting the importance of digital literacy in the Indian context.

The Imperative of Digital Literacy

Digital literacy extends beyond merely knowing how to operate a computer or smartphone. It encompasses the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using information technologies and the internet. In India, this skill is increasingly vital for accessing government services, participating in the formal economy, and exercising informed citizenship. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically underscored this need, as education, healthcare, and many economic activities shifted online.

Challenges to Digital Literacy in India

Despite progress, several challenges hinder widespread digital literacy in India:

  • Infrastructure Gap: Uneven access to internet connectivity, particularly in rural areas and among marginalized communities. According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 75th round (2017-18), only 24% of rural households had internet access.
  • Affordability: The cost of devices and data remains a barrier for many.
  • Lack of Digital Skills: A significant portion of the population lacks the necessary skills to effectively use digital technologies.
  • Language Barrier: Much of the online content is in English, excluding those who are not proficient in the language.
  • Digital Security Concerns: Lack of awareness about online safety and cybersecurity threats.

Government Initiatives and Strategies

The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote digital literacy:

  • Digital India Programme (2015): A flagship initiative aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
  • Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA): Launched in 2017, this scheme aims to make six crore rural households digitally literate.
  • National Digital Literacy Mission (NDLM): Aimed at providing digital literacy training to citizens.
  • BharatNet Project: Aims to provide broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats.

The Role of Stakeholders

Promoting digital literacy requires a collaborative effort from various stakeholders:

  • Government: Providing infrastructure, funding, and policy support.
  • Private Sector: Developing affordable devices and data plans, and offering digital literacy training programs.
  • Civil Society Organizations: Reaching out to marginalized communities and providing localized training.
  • Educational Institutions: Integrating digital literacy into the curriculum.

Impact of Digital Literacy

Increased digital literacy can have a transformative impact on India:

  • Economic Growth: Empowering citizens with the skills needed to participate in the digital economy.
  • Social Inclusion: Bridging the digital divide and ensuring that all sections of society benefit from digital technologies.
  • Improved Governance: Enhancing transparency and accountability through e-governance initiatives.
  • Empowerment of Women: Providing women with access to information and opportunities.
Initiative Objective Key Features
Digital India Programme Digitally empower citizens and transform India into a knowledge economy Focuses on digital infrastructure, digital delivery of services, and digital literacy
PMGDISHA Make rural households digitally literate Provides training on basic computer skills, internet usage, and digital transactions

Conclusion

Digital literacy is no longer a luxury but a necessity for inclusive growth and development in India. While significant strides have been made through initiatives like Digital India and PMGDISHA, sustained efforts are needed to address the challenges of infrastructure, affordability, and skill gaps. A multi-stakeholder approach, coupled with a focus on localized content and language accessibility, is crucial to ensure that the benefits of the digital revolution reach all citizens, empowering them to participate fully in the 21st-century economy and society. Investing in digital literacy is an investment in India’s future.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Digital Divide
The gap between those who have access to and the ability to use digital technologies and those who do not.
E-governance
The application of information and communication technology (ICT) for the delivery of government services to citizens and businesses.

Key Statistics

As of January 2023, India has over 800 million internet users.

Source: Statista

According to a 2022 report by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), rural internet penetration in India grew by 46% in 2022.

Source: IAMAI

Examples

e-NAM

The electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities. It requires farmers to be digitally literate to access market information and participate in online auctions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in promoting digital literacy?

AI-powered tools can personalize learning experiences, provide language translation, and offer accessible interfaces, making digital literacy training more effective and inclusive.