UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20235 Marks
Q30.

She (read) the newspaper, when I saw her.

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar, specifically the correct usage of past continuous and simple past tenses. The approach should be to identify the action in progress (reading) and the interrupting action (seeing). The answer needs to demonstrate understanding of how these tenses interact to convey sequence and interruption. A clear and concise sentence demonstrating correct tense usage is expected.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Understanding the correct application of tenses is fundamental to effective communication in English. The interplay between the past continuous tense, which describes an action ongoing in the past, and the simple past tense, which denotes a completed action in the past, is crucial for conveying a clear sequence of events. This question specifically assesses the ability to correctly combine these tenses to illustrate an interruption of an ongoing action.

The correct sentence is: She was reading the newspaper when I saw her.

Explanation of Tense Usage

This sentence utilizes the past continuous tense ("was reading") to describe an action that was in progress at a specific point in the past. The simple past tense ("saw") is used to indicate an action that interrupted the ongoing action. The structure "was/were + verb-ing" denotes the past continuous, while the simple past is formed by the past form of the verb.

Why other options are incorrect:

  • She read the newspaper when I saw her. - This implies both actions happened sequentially, not that seeing interrupted reading.
  • She was reading the newspaper and I saw her. - This simply states two actions happening, without indicating a relationship of interruption.
  • She had read the newspaper when I saw her. - This implies the newspaper reading was completed *before* being seen, changing the meaning entirely.

Grammatical Rules Illustrated

The use of "when" as a conjunction signals the interruption. The past continuous tense sets the scene, establishing the ongoing action, while the simple past tense introduces the interrupting event. This structure is a common and important grammatical pattern in English.

Example in a broader context

Consider this expanded example: "She was diligently reading the newspaper, completely absorbed in the articles, when I saw her and decided to approach her with a question." This demonstrates how the initial tense structure sets the stage for further narrative development.

Tense Usage Example
Past Continuous Action in progress at a specific time in the past I was watching TV at 8 pm last night.
Simple Past Completed action in the past I watched a movie yesterday.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct answer demonstrates a clear understanding of the interplay between the past continuous and simple past tenses. The sentence "She was reading the newspaper when I saw her" accurately conveys the idea of an action being interrupted, showcasing a fundamental grasp of English grammar. Mastering these tenses is essential for precise and effective communication.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Past Continuous Tense
The past continuous tense describes an action that was ongoing at a specific point in the past. It is formed using "was/were + verb-ing".
Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense describes a completed action that took place at a specific time in the past. It is formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs or using irregular past forms.

Key Statistics

Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English worldwide as of 2023.

Source: Statista (Knowledge Cutoff: 2023)

English is the official language of over 53 countries.

Source: British Council (Knowledge Cutoff: 2023)

Examples

Interruption in a Story

“The rain was falling heavily when the phone rang, shattering the peaceful atmosphere.” This example illustrates how the simple past interrupts the ongoing action described by the past continuous.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the interrupting action happened multiple times?

You would still use the past continuous for the ongoing action and the simple past for each interruption. For example: "She was reading the newspaper when the phone rang, and then the doorbell buzzed."