UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY202315 Marks
Q5.

What are the responsibilities of the citizens towards the nation?

How to Approach

This question requires a comprehensive understanding of civic duties as enshrined in the Indian Constitution and broader societal expectations. The answer should move beyond merely listing fundamental duties and delve into the underlying principles of responsible citizenship. A structured approach focusing on legal, social, economic, and political responsibilities is recommended. The answer should also acknowledge the evolving nature of these responsibilities in a modernizing India.

Model Answer

0 min read

Introduction

A nation’s strength isn’t solely defined by its geographical boundaries or economic prowess, but fundamentally by the character and commitment of its citizens. The concept of citizenship entails not only enjoying rights but also fulfilling responsibilities towards the nation. While the Indian Constitution primarily focuses on fundamental rights, it also outlines fundamental duties (added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002) as a moral code of conduct for citizens. However, the responsibilities of citizens extend far beyond these legally mandated duties, encompassing a broader spectrum of social, economic, and political obligations crucial for national progress and cohesion.

Legal Responsibilities

The most explicitly defined responsibilities are those enshrined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution – the Fundamental Duties. These include:

  • Respecting the Constitution and National Flag: Upholding the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
  • Following National Ideals: Cherishing and following the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
  • Protecting Public Property: Avoiding damage to public property and participating in its preservation.
  • Renouncing Practices Detrimental to National Unity: Rejecting practices that are harmful to the nation’s harmony.
  • Promoting a Common National Culture: Valuing and preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture.
  • Duty to Defend the Country: Every able-bodied citizen has an implicit duty to defend the country, though not legally enforceable in the same way as conscription.

Beyond these, citizens are legally bound to obey the laws of the land, pay taxes honestly, and participate in the legal processes when required (e.g., voting, serving as witnesses).

Social Responsibilities

These responsibilities are less formally defined but are vital for a harmonious society:

  • Promoting Social Harmony: Rejecting discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, gender, or language. Contributing to a society based on equality and justice.
  • Respecting Diversity: Acknowledging and appreciating the cultural diversity of India.
  • Contributing to Community Welfare: Participating in social service activities, volunteering, and supporting charitable causes.
  • Promoting Education: Encouraging education, particularly for girls, and supporting initiatives for literacy.
  • Environmental Protection: Conserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable practices.

Economic Responsibilities

A thriving economy requires responsible economic behavior from its citizens:

  • Paying Taxes: Contributing to the national exchequer through honest tax payment.
  • Supporting Local Industries: Promoting ‘Make in India’ and supporting local businesses.
  • Avoiding Waste: Conserving resources and reducing wasteful consumption.
  • Promoting Financial Literacy: Understanding financial concepts and making informed economic decisions.
  • Contributing to the Workforce: Participating in productive economic activities, either through employment or entrepreneurship.

Political Responsibilities

A healthy democracy depends on active and informed political participation:

  • Voting: Exercising the right to vote and choosing responsible representatives.
  • Staying Informed: Being aware of political issues and policies.
  • Participating in Public Discourse: Engaging in constructive dialogue on matters of public importance.
  • Holding Leaders Accountable: Demanding transparency and accountability from elected officials.
  • Respecting Democratic Institutions: Upholding the rule of law and respecting the independence of institutions like the judiciary and the Election Commission.

Evolving Responsibilities in the Digital Age

The rise of digital technologies has introduced new responsibilities:

  • Combating Misinformation: Being critical of information consumed online and avoiding the spread of fake news.
  • Cyber Security: Protecting personal data and being aware of cyber threats.
  • Responsible Social Media Usage: Using social media platforms responsibly and avoiding hate speech or cyberbullying.

Conclusion

The responsibilities of citizens towards the nation are multifaceted and dynamic. They extend beyond legal obligations to encompass a moral and ethical commitment to national progress, social harmony, and democratic values. A citizenry that actively embraces these responsibilities is the cornerstone of a strong, prosperous, and just India. Promoting civic education and fostering a sense of national pride are crucial steps in cultivating a responsible and engaged citizenry for the future.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Civic Duty
The responsibilities that citizens have to their country and community, including obeying laws, paying taxes, and participating in the democratic process.
Sovereignty
The supreme power or authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.

Key Statistics

Voter turnout in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections was approximately 67.11%, indicating a moderate level of political participation.

Source: Election Commission of India (as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

According to the World Bank, India's tax-to-GDP ratio was around 10.9% in 2021, which is relatively low compared to other major economies.

Source: World Bank (as of knowledge cutoff 2023)

Examples

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) launched in 2014, exemplifies a citizen-led initiative where individuals actively participated in cleaning public spaces, promoting sanitation, and raising awareness about hygiene.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Fundamental Duties legally enforceable?

While Fundamental Duties are not legally enforceable by courts, they are considered moral obligations and can be used in interpreting laws and policies. They serve as a guiding principle for citizens.