UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20235 Marks
Q56.

The government did not last long. (coalition / collision)

How to Approach

This question tests the understanding of homophones and their contextual usage. The task requires choosing the correct word – ‘coalition’ or ‘collision’ – to complete the sentence meaningfully. The approach involves understanding the definitions of both words, considering the typical context of governments, and selecting the word that logically fits the sentence. The answer should demonstrate a clear understanding of political terminology and sentence construction.

Model Answer

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Introduction

In the realm of political science, the stability of a government is often contingent upon the relationships between the parties that form it. Governments are frequently established through agreements between different political entities, a process known as forming a ‘coalition’. Conversely, a ‘collision’ implies a forceful impact or conflict. The sentence "The government did not last long" necessitates a word that explains *why* it didn’t last long, and the nature of the relationship between the parties involved. Therefore, understanding the nuances of these two words is crucial to correctly completing the sentence.

Understanding the Terms

Both ‘coalition’ and ‘collision’ are nouns, but they carry vastly different meanings. A coalition refers to a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action. In political contexts, it specifically denotes a cabinet of ministers formed by two or more political parties. A collision, on the other hand, signifies a violent impact between two objects or forces; figuratively, it means a clash or conflict.

Contextual Analysis

The sentence "The government did not last long" implies a breakdown in the governing arrangement. This breakdown is more likely to stem from internal disagreements or a lack of cohesion *within* the government, rather than a sudden, external impact. A government formed by a coalition is inherently susceptible to instability if the constituent parties have conflicting ideologies or agendas. If there is a ‘collision’ within the government, it suggests a catastrophic and immediate event, which isn’t necessarily implied by the sentence.

Why ‘Coalition’ is the Correct Choice

A government formed through a coalition is often fragile. Disagreements over policy, power-sharing, or leadership can easily lead to its collapse. The phrase "did not last long" is a common outcome of coalition governments facing internal strife. For example, the numerous coalition governments in Italy after World War II were notoriously short-lived due to frequent political maneuvering and shifting alliances.

Why ‘Collision’ is Incorrect

While political disagreements can be intense, describing them as a ‘collision’ is an exaggeration. A ‘collision’ suggests a sudden and destructive event, like a major political scandal or a vote of no-confidence that immediately brings down the government. The sentence simply states the government didn’t last long, which could be due to a gradual erosion of support or a series of smaller disagreements.

Illustrative Examples

Consider these examples:

  • “The coalition government fell apart after disagreements over economic policy.”
  • “A political collision occurred when the Prime Minister publicly criticized the opposition leader.” (This usage is less common and implies a direct, aggressive confrontation).

Coalition Governments in India

India has witnessed numerous coalition governments, particularly since the 1989 general election. The United Front government (1996-1997) and the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) governments led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996, 1998-2004) are prime examples of coalitions. These governments often faced challenges in maintaining stability due to the diverse interests of the participating parties.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct word to complete the sentence is ‘coalition’. The sentence implies a government formed by an alliance that lacked the necessary stability to endure. The term ‘coalition’ accurately reflects the inherent fragility of such arrangements, while ‘collision’ suggests a more dramatic and immediate event. Understanding the nuances of these homophones and their contextual relevance is crucial for effective communication, particularly in the field of political science.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Homophone
Words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings (e.g., coalition and collision).
Vote of No Confidence
A parliamentary procedure used to demonstrate that a government no longer enjoys the confidence of the legislature, potentially leading to its dismissal.

Key Statistics

According to the PRS Legislative Research, India has had 18 coalition governments since 1989.

Source: PRS Legislative Research (as of knowledge cutoff - 2023)

The average lifespan of a coalition government in Italy between 1946 and 2018 was approximately 1 year and 3 months.

Source: Various political science studies (as of knowledge cutoff - 2023)

Examples

Germany's Grand Coalition

The "Grand Coalition" in Germany (typically between the CDU/CSU and the SPD) is a common form of coalition government, often formed when no single party wins a clear majority.

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes coalition governments unstable?

Coalition governments are often unstable due to conflicting ideologies, power struggles between coalition partners, and the need for constant compromise on policy decisions.