Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The concept of ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ (WHAM) in counter-terrorism refers to gaining the trust and support of the local population in conflict zones, thereby isolating insurgents and fostering long-term stability. In Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), decades of insurgency have necessitated a multi-pronged approach beyond military operations. Following the revocation of Article 370 in 2019, the government intensified efforts to integrate J&K and address the socio-economic and political grievances of its people. These initiatives aim to build confidence, promote development, and ultimately, restore normalcy in the region, recognizing that sustainable peace requires the active participation and goodwill of the local population.
Government Measures for Winning Hearts and Minds in J&K
The Government of India has adopted a multifaceted approach to win the trust of the population in J&K, encompassing developmental, political, and security-related initiatives. These measures are designed to address the root causes of discontent and foster a sense of belonging among the residents.
1. Developmental Initiatives
- Infrastructure Development: Significant investments have been made in infrastructure projects, including road construction (like the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel), power projects (like the Kiru Hydroelectric Project), and railway expansion. These projects aim to improve connectivity and boost economic activity.
- Employment Generation: Schemes like the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) and the Himayat Self-Employment Scheme are focused on providing skill development and financial assistance to young people, reducing unemployment.
- Healthcare & Education: The government has focused on improving healthcare facilities through initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat scheme and establishing new medical colleges. Similarly, efforts are underway to enhance the quality of education through infrastructure upgrades and scholarships.
- Tourism Promotion: Recognizing the economic importance of tourism, the government has actively promoted J&K as a tourist destination through various campaigns and infrastructure development in tourist circuits.
2. Political Engagement & Good Governance
- Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs): Strengthening PRIs through elections and devolution of powers is a key component of the government’s strategy. This aims to empower local communities and ensure their participation in decision-making. The 2018 Panchayat elections saw high participation.
- District Development Councils (DDCs): The establishment of DDCs in 2020, through elections, provided a platform for direct democracy at the district level, further empowering local representatives.
- Back-to-Village Programme: This initiative involves government officials visiting villages to assess local needs and address grievances, fostering direct interaction between the administration and the people.
- Dialogue Initiatives: The government has initiated dialogue with various stakeholders, including political parties and civil society groups, to address their concerns and find peaceful solutions.
3. Security-Related Measures with a People-Centric Approach
- Reduced Security Force Presence: While maintaining a strong security posture, the government has gradually reduced the presence of security forces in civilian areas, aiming to create a more normal environment.
- Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs): Regular flag meetings between security forces and local communities are held to address concerns and build trust.
- Rehabilitation & Reintegration: Initiatives are in place to rehabilitate surrendered militants and provide them with opportunities for a normal life.
- Special Scholarship Scheme: Providing scholarships to students from J&K to pursue higher education outside the region, fostering a sense of inclusion and opportunity.
Furthermore, the government has focused on improving the delivery of public services through digitalization and transparency initiatives, aiming to reduce corruption and enhance accountability. The ‘JK e-Governance’ project is a prime example of this effort.
Conclusion
Winning the ‘Hearts and Minds’ in J&K is a complex and long-term process. While the government has implemented numerous initiatives aimed at fostering development, political engagement, and security, sustained efforts are crucial to address the deep-rooted grievances and build lasting trust. A continued focus on inclusive governance, economic opportunities, and genuine dialogue with all stakeholders will be essential for achieving lasting peace and stability in the region. The success of these measures will ultimately depend on the active participation and cooperation of the local population.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.