UPSC Mains MEDICAL-SCIENCE-PAPER-I 2023

A 35-year-old male smoker with complaints of difficulty in swallowing and ulcer on tip of his tongue for last one month, visits an ENT surgeon. Based on his clinical examination and histopathological investigation of tongue lesion, he is diagnosed as a case of carcinoma of tongue with cervical lymphadenopathy. (i) Using a flowchart, show the principal lymph node involved and its further distribution. (ii) Explain the role of tongue in swallowing.

Describe the following in the context of 'Auditory pathway' : (i) Its course from internal ear to auditory cortex (ii) Blood supply of the auditory cortex

Discuss the sources and Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of Folic Acid and the clinical manifestations of its deficiency in the body. Add a note on 'Folate Trap'.

Describe the role of cerebellum in control of voluntary movement. Add a note on cerebellar dysfunction.

Describe the genesis of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?

A 56-year-old male visits a surgery OPD with complaints of difficulty in passage of urine especially on straining. Based on his clinical examination and ultrasound findings, he is diagnosed with Benign hypertrophy of Prostate. (i) What is the anatomical basis of his urinary problems? (ii) Describe the relations of Prostate gland. (iii) Describe the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of Prostate gland.

Describe the biochemical role of copper in the body. Discuss briefly about Wilson disease and the biochemical investigations that will help in its diagnosis.

Define Genetic code and explain the Wobble Hypothesis. Discuss briefly the post-translational modifications of proteins.

Explain the physiological changes that occur in a mother during pregnancy, under the following headings : (i) Genital organs (ii) Blood and its constituents (iii) Cardiovascular system

Describe the following regarding the knee joint : (I) All movements including locking and unlocking with muscles responsible for each (II) Role of cruciate ligaments in movement and stability

Describe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome under the following headings : (I) Causes and structure(s) involved (II) Clinical features

Explain the principle and steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Write its clinical applications.

Discuss the serum biochemical markers of cholestasis.

Describe the intrinsic regulation of cardiac output.

Discuss the factors regulating erythropoiesis.

Describe the role of SRY (Sex-determining region on Y gene) transcription factors in testicular development.

Describe Vitelline duct abnormalities.