Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Gender discrimination, a pervasive issue globally, stems from deeply ingrained patriarchal norms and societal biases that assign different values and roles based on sex. This discrimination isn’t merely about unequal treatment; it’s a systemic disadvantage that manifests in various forms, including limited access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and even life itself. A particularly egregious manifestation of this discrimination is female foeticide, the sex-selective abortion of female fetuses, driven by a preference for sons. This practice, fueled by socio-economic factors and cultural beliefs, leads to significant social imbalances with far-reaching consequences for demographic structures and societal well-being.
Understanding Gender Discrimination and its Roots
Gender discrimination is rooted in socio-cultural constructs that historically privilege men and devalue women. These constructs are perpetuated through socialization, religious beliefs, and economic systems. Several theories attempt to explain this phenomenon:
- Socialization Theory: Individuals learn gender roles and expectations from their families, schools, and the media, reinforcing existing biases.
- Patriarchal Structures: Societies organized around male dominance contribute to the systematic marginalization of women.
- Economic Factors: In agrarian societies, sons are often seen as economic assets, providing labor and carrying on the family name, while daughters are perceived as economic burdens due to dowry customs.
The Link Between Gender Discrimination and Female Foeticide
The preference for sons, deeply embedded in many South Asian cultures, is a primary driver of female foeticide. This preference is often linked to:
- Patrilineal Inheritance: Property and lineage are typically passed down through the male line.
- Dowry System: The practice of dowry, prevalent in India, places a significant financial burden on the bride's family.
- Social Security in Old Age: Sons are traditionally expected to care for their parents in old age.
- Continuation of Family Lineage: Sons are seen as essential for carrying on the family name and traditions.
The advent of prenatal diagnostic techniques, such as ultrasound and amniocentesis, has unfortunately facilitated sex-selective abortions. Despite being legally prohibited under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994, illegal sex determination clinics continue to operate, contributing to a declining sex ratio.
Social Imbalances Resulting from Female Foeticide
Female foeticide leads to a skewed sex ratio, with significant social and demographic consequences:
- Demographic Imbalance: A declining sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) disrupts the natural demographic balance, leading to a shortage of women.
- Increased Crime and Violence: A surplus of unmarried men can contribute to increased rates of crime, violence against women, and trafficking.
- Social Instability: The imbalance can disrupt social structures and norms, leading to instability and unrest.
- Economic Consequences: A shortage of women can negatively impact economic productivity and development.
- Psychological Impact: The practice perpetuates a culture of gender inequality and reinforces the devaluation of women.
The impact is particularly visible in states like Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan, where the sex ratio is significantly lower than the national average. This imbalance isn't merely a statistical anomaly; it represents a profound loss of human potential and a violation of fundamental human rights.
| State | Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) - 2011 Census |
|---|---|
| Haryana | 898 |
| Punjab | 919 |
| Rajasthan | 928 |
| National Average | 943 |
Conclusion
Female foeticide, a direct consequence of deeply entrenched gender discrimination, poses a grave threat to social harmony and demographic stability. Addressing this issue requires a multi-pronged approach encompassing stricter enforcement of the PCPNDT Act, promoting gender equality through education and empowerment, challenging patriarchal norms, and raising awareness about the value of the girl child. A sustained and concerted effort is crucial to reverse this trend and create a society where every individual, regardless of gender, has the opportunity to thrive. The long-term health and prosperity of the nation depend on it.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.