Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The notion of a monarch being ‘above politics’ traditionally implies a ruler guided by divine right, natural law, or a paternalistic concern for the well-being of the subjects, rather than by partisan interests, power struggles, or ideological commitments. Historically, this concept aimed to legitimize monarchical rule by presenting it as impartial and benevolent. However, the very act of governing necessitates political decisions – allocation of resources, enforcement of laws, and engagement with internal and external power dynamics. This raises a fundamental question: can a monarchy, even one striving for impartiality, truly transcend politics and still function as a systematic and predictable form of government?
The Argument for Monarchy ‘Above Politics’
Proponents of this view argue that a monarch, particularly a constitutional monarch, can operate as a unifying force above the fray of everyday political battles. Their role is often seen as symbolic, representing national identity and continuity, rather than actively participating in policy formulation.
- Symbolic Head of State: Constitutional monarchies like the United Kingdom demonstrate this. The monarch’s functions are largely ceremonial, providing stability and a sense of national unity.
- Guardian of the Constitution: In some systems, the monarch acts as a safeguard against political overreach, possessing reserve powers to intervene in constitutional crises (though rarely exercised).
- Impartial Arbiter: The monarch, theoretically, is not beholden to any political party or faction, allowing them to act as an impartial arbiter in times of political deadlock.
The Inherent Political Nature of Monarchy
However, the claim that monarchy can be ‘above politics’ is fundamentally challenged by the inherent political nature of the institution. Even in constitutional monarchies, the monarch’s actions, however symbolic, have political consequences.
- Succession and Legitimacy: The very process of succession is a political act, often involving complex rules and potential disputes. The legitimacy of the monarch is ultimately derived from political acceptance.
- Influence and Patronage: Monarchs, even with limited formal powers, can exert influence through informal channels, patronage networks, and access to information.
- Historical Examples: Throughout history, monarchs have actively engaged in political maneuvering, forming alliances, waging wars, and enacting laws that profoundly shaped their societies. Louis XIV of France (1643-1715) exemplifies absolute monarchy’s deep entanglement in political power.
Systematic Governance and the Need for Rules
For a form of government to be considered ‘systematic,’ it must be based on established rules, procedures, and principles. While a benevolent monarch might strive for just outcomes, relying solely on their discretion can lead to arbitrariness and inconsistency.
| Feature | Monarchy ‘Above Politics’ | Systematic Governance |
|---|---|---|
| Rule of Law | Potentially weak; reliant on monarch’s virtue | Strong; based on codified laws and procedures |
| Accountability | Limited; monarch often not directly accountable | High; mechanisms for holding rulers accountable |
| Predictability | Low; decisions can be arbitrary | High; rules provide predictability |
Therefore, even if a monarch attempts to be ‘above politics,’ a truly systematic form of government requires a framework of laws, institutions, and checks and balances that transcend the individual ruler. The evolution of monarchies towards constitutional forms reflects this recognition.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the ideal of a monarch ‘above politics’ offers a vision of impartial and benevolent rule, it is ultimately an untenable proposition. The very act of governing is inherently political. However, a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch’s role is largely symbolic and constrained by a robust legal and political framework, can contribute to a systematic form of government by providing stability and national unity. The key lies not in transcending politics, but in channeling political power through established, accountable institutions.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.