Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The Indian Constitution, while primarily focused on fundamental rights, also recognizes the importance of duties to be performed by citizens. Introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, during the Emergency, the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) were inspired by the Soviet Constitution. While initially met with some criticism due to their non-justiciable nature, the core objective of these duties is to cultivate a sense of civic responsibility among citizens, thereby strengthening the social fabric and promoting national unity. This is achieved by outlining specific actions citizens should undertake to contribute to the nation’s progress and well-being.
Understanding Civic Responsibility
Civic responsibility encompasses the active participation of citizens in the governance and development of their community and nation. It involves respecting laws, contributing to society’s welfare, and upholding democratic values. It’s the reciprocal side of enjoying fundamental rights – rights come with responsibilities.
Fundamental Duties and Civic Responsibility: A Categorical Analysis
The ten Fundamental Duties, though not enforceable by courts, serve as moral principles guiding citizens. They can be broadly categorized to understand their contribution to civic responsibility:
1. Respect for National Symbols & Heritage (Duties 1 & 2)
These duties – respecting the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem, and cherishing and following the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom – instill patriotism and a sense of national identity. This fosters a responsible citizenry that values its nation’s history and symbols. Example: Observing National Flag Code of India, participating in Independence Day celebrations.
2. Safeguarding Public Property & Environment (Duties 3 & 4)
Duties 3 and 4 emphasize protecting public property and improving the natural environment. These directly translate into responsible behavior towards shared resources. Example: Avoiding vandalism of public infrastructure, participating in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, promoting sustainable practices.
3. Renouncing Practices Detrimental to National Unity (Duties 5 & 6)
These duties – promoting harmony and the common brotherhood of all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities, and valuing and preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture – are crucial for maintaining social cohesion. They encourage citizens to reject divisive forces and embrace inclusivity. Example: Condemning hate speech, participating in interfaith dialogues.
4. Striving for Excellence (Duties 7-9)
These duties – developing the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; striving towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity; and protecting and improving our public property – promote a progressive and responsible outlook. They encourage citizens to contribute to national development through innovation and hard work. Example: Encouraging scientific research, promoting skill development, participating in community development programs.
5. Parental Duty towards Education (Duty 10)
The duty of parents to provide opportunities for the education of their children is fundamental to building a knowledgeable and responsible citizenry. Educated citizens are better equipped to participate in democratic processes and contribute to national progress. Example: Ensuring children attend school, supporting their education, and instilling in them values of citizenship.
The Role of Judicial Interpretation & Committees
While non-justiciable, the Fundamental Duties have been given weight by the judiciary. The Supreme Court in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) held that even though Fundamental Duties are not enforceable, they must be considered in interpreting fundamental rights. Several committees, like the Justice Verma Committee (2013) on sexual violence, have emphasized the importance of Fundamental Duties in promoting a responsible and ethical society.
Limitations and Contemporary Relevance
Despite their importance, the Fundamental Duties face certain limitations. Their non-justiciable nature means there’s no legal recourse for their violation. Furthermore, awareness about these duties remains low among a significant portion of the population. However, with increasing emphasis on citizen participation and good governance, the relevance of Fundamental Duties is growing. The government’s initiatives like ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ indirectly promote the values enshrined in these duties.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Fundamental Duties, though not legally enforceable, are a cornerstone of civic responsibility in India. They provide a moral framework for citizens to contribute to the nation’s progress, unity, and well-being. While challenges remain in raising awareness and ensuring their effective implementation, their underlying principles remain vital for building a strong and responsible citizenry, essential for a thriving democracy. Their continued promotion through education and public awareness campaigns is crucial for realizing their full potential.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.