UPSC MainsBOTANY-PAPER-I202415 Marks150 Words
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Q18.

Write the botanical names, family and parts used of any five fibre-yielding plants.

How to Approach

This question requires a direct and concise answer, listing five fibre-yielding plants with their botanical names, families, and the plant parts used for fibre extraction. A tabular format is ideal for presenting this information clearly. Focus on commonly known and economically important fibre plants. Avoid lengthy descriptions; prioritize accuracy and completeness of the requested details. The answer should demonstrate knowledge of plant taxonomy and economic botany.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Fibre-yielding plants are crucial for various industries, including textiles, paper, and rope making. These plants provide natural fibres that are renewable and biodegradable, offering sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials. Understanding the botanical aspects of these plants – their scientific names and family affiliations – is essential for efficient cultivation, processing, and quality control. The specific plant parts utilized for fibre extraction also vary significantly, impacting the fibre’s characteristics and applications.

Five Fibre-Yielding Plants

The following table details five fibre-yielding plants, their botanical names, families, and the plant parts used for fibre production:

Plant Name (Common) Botanical Name Family Part Used for Fibre
Cotton Gossypium arboreum / Gossypium hirsutum Malvaceae Seed fibres (surrounding the seeds)
Jute Corchorus capsularis / Corchorus olitorius Tiliaceae Bast fibres (from the stem)
Hemp Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae Bast fibres (from the stem)
Flax Linum usitatissimum Linaceae Bast fibres (from the stem)
Sisal Agave sisalana Asparagaceae Leaf fibres

Detailed Explanation of Each Plant:

  • Cotton: Gossypium species are widely cultivated for their soft, fluffy fibres used in textiles. The fibres develop around the seeds within the fruit (boll).
  • Jute: Known as the ‘golden fibre’ for its colour and cost-effectiveness, jute fibres are extracted from the bast (inner bark) of the jute plant. It’s primarily used for making burlap, sacks, and twine.
  • Hemp: A versatile fibre with a long history of use, hemp fibres are strong and durable. They are obtained from the bast of the plant and used in textiles, ropes, and paper.
  • Flax: Flax fibres, also known as linen, are renowned for their strength, absorbency, and coolness. They are extracted from the bast of the flax plant stem.
  • Sisal: Derived from the leaves of the sisal agave, these fibres are exceptionally strong and resistant to saltwater. They are commonly used for ropes, twines, and mats.

The quality and characteristics of the fibre depend on factors like plant variety, growing conditions, and extraction methods.

Conclusion

Fibre-yielding plants represent a significant component of the agricultural economy and provide essential raw materials for diverse industries. Understanding their botanical classification and the specific plant parts utilized for fibre extraction is crucial for sustainable production and efficient utilization. Continued research and development in fibre technology are essential to enhance fibre quality and explore new applications, contributing to a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Bast Fibre
Bast fibres are plant fibres collected from the phloem or bark of various dicotyledonous plants. They are typically stronger and more durable than seed fibres.
Lignin
Lignin is a complex polymer that provides rigidity to plant cell walls. Its presence in bast fibres requires processing (retting) to separate the fibres from the woody tissue.

Key Statistics

India is the largest producer of jute, accounting for approximately 60% of the world’s jute production (as of 2022-23).

Source: Ministry of Textiles, Government of India

The global linen market was valued at USD 7.8 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% from 2024 to 2030.

Source: Grand View Research (Knowledge Cutoff: 2024)

Examples

Coir Industry in Kerala

Kerala, India, is a major producer of coir, a fibre extracted from the husk of coconuts. The coir industry provides livelihood to a significant portion of the population in the state and contributes substantially to its economy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between seed fibre and bast fibre?

Seed fibres, like cotton, grow around the seeds of the plant, while bast fibres, like jute and hemp, are found in the stem's phloem tissue. Bast fibres are generally stronger and longer than seed fibres.

Topics Covered

BotanyEconomic BotanyFibre PlantsPlant ProductsEconomic Importance