UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY202475 Marks
Q6.

Read carefully the passage given below and write your answers to the questions that follow in clear, correct and concise language :

How to Approach

This question requires a careful reading of the (missing) passage and a concise, clear, and correct response to the implied questions. The answer should demonstrate strong comprehension skills, grammatical accuracy, and the ability to synthesize information. The structure should follow a logical flow: understanding the passage's central theme, identifying key arguments, and presenting a well-organized response. Since the passage is missing, I will assume a hypothetical passage discussing the challenges and opportunities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in India. The answer will be structured accordingly.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the global landscape, and India is poised to be a significant player in this revolution. However, realizing the full potential of AI in India requires navigating a complex interplay of technological advancements, ethical considerations, and socio-economic challenges. The nation’s demographic dividend, coupled with a growing digital infrastructure, presents a unique opportunity. Yet, issues like data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for job displacement necessitate careful policy interventions and a proactive approach to skill development. This response will address the key aspects of AI’s impact on India, drawing upon potential themes from a hypothetical passage.

Understanding the Potential of AI in India

A hypothetical passage on AI in India would likely highlight its potential across various sectors. AI can revolutionize healthcare through improved diagnostics and personalized medicine. In agriculture, it can optimize crop yields and resource management. The financial sector can benefit from fraud detection and risk assessment. Furthermore, AI-powered solutions can enhance governance by improving public service delivery and streamlining administrative processes.

Challenges to AI Adoption in India

Despite the immense potential, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI in India. These can be categorized as follows:

  • Data Availability and Quality: AI algorithms require vast amounts of high-quality data for training. India faces challenges in data collection, storage, and accessibility. Data privacy concerns, as highlighted by the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (currently under review), further complicate matters.
  • Infrastructure Deficiencies: Reliable internet connectivity and sufficient computing power are essential for AI applications. Digital divide and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas pose significant barriers.
  • Skill Gap: There is a shortage of skilled professionals in AI and related fields. The current education system needs to be revamped to equip students with the necessary skills. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the integration of AI into the curriculum.
  • Ethical Concerns: Algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and potential for misuse raise ethical concerns. Robust regulatory frameworks are needed to address these issues.
  • Job Displacement: Automation driven by AI could lead to job losses in certain sectors, requiring proactive measures for reskilling and upskilling the workforce.

Government Initiatives and Policy Framework

The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote AI development and adoption:

  • NITI Aayog’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll): This strategy outlines a roadmap for AI development in India, focusing on five key sectors: healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and mobility.
  • Establishment of Centres of Excellence in AI: These centres aim to foster research and development in AI.
  • Digital India Programme: This initiative aims to improve digital infrastructure and connectivity, creating a conducive environment for AI adoption.
  • Responsible AI Principles: The government is working on developing ethical guidelines for AI development and deployment.

Comparative Analysis: India vs. Global Leaders

Compared to global leaders like the US and China, India lags in AI research and development. The following table provides a comparative overview:

Country AI Investment (USD Billions) (2023 estimate) Number of AI Startups (2023 estimate) AI Talent Pool (Approximate)
United States 150 2500+ 500,000+
China 120 3000+ 400,000+
India 3 500+ 50,000+

While India has a large pool of engineering talent, it needs to significantly increase investment in AI research and development to compete with global leaders.

The Role of Public-Private Partnerships

Effective collaboration between the public and private sectors is crucial for accelerating AI adoption in India. Public-private partnerships can leverage the expertise and resources of both sectors to address the challenges and unlock the opportunities presented by AI. This includes joint research projects, data sharing initiatives, and the development of AI-powered solutions for public services.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AI holds immense promise for India’s socio-economic development. However, realizing this potential requires a holistic approach that addresses the challenges related to data availability, infrastructure, skills, ethics, and job displacement. Government initiatives, coupled with strong public-private partnerships, are essential for fostering a thriving AI ecosystem in India. A proactive and responsible approach to AI development will be crucial for ensuring that the benefits of this transformative technology are shared by all.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The capability of a computer system to mimic human cognitive functions such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Algorithmic Bias
Systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others.

Key Statistics

India's AI market is projected to reach $7.7 billion by 2025.

Source: NASSCOM Report, 2020 (knowledge cutoff)

India has the second largest number of internet users globally, exceeding 750 million as of 2023.

Source: Statista (knowledge cutoff)

Examples

AI in Healthcare - Arogya Setu

The Arogya Setu app, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilized AI and location data to track and trace potential contacts of infected individuals, aiding in containment efforts.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key ethical concerns surrounding AI?

Key ethical concerns include algorithmic bias leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes, lack of transparency in AI decision-making processes, and the potential for misuse of AI technologies.