UPSC MainsENGLISH-LITERATURE-PAPER-I202415 Marks
Q28.

Comment on the role of Master Blifil in Tom Jones.

How to Approach

This question requires a detailed exploration of Master Blifil’s character within the context of Henry Fielding’s *Tom Jones*. The answer should move beyond a simple description and analyze Blifil’s function in the novel – his role as a foil to Tom, his representation of hypocrisy and social climbing, and his contribution to the novel’s thematic concerns. A strong answer will demonstrate understanding of Fielding’s satirical techniques and the novel’s engagement with 18th-century social norms. Structure the answer by first introducing Blifil, then analyzing his character traits, his relationship with other characters (particularly Tom and Allworthy), and finally, his overall significance to the novel’s narrative and themes.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Henry Fielding’s *Tom Jones* (1749) is a landmark work of English literature, celebrated for its sprawling narrative, realistic characters, and satirical wit. Within this complex tapestry of individuals, Master Blifil emerges as a crucial, though deeply unsympathetic, figure. He is presented as the antithesis to the novel’s protagonist, Tom Jones, embodying the virtues of respectability and piety, yet masking a core of calculating self-interest. Blifil’s role extends beyond simply being a rival for Sophia Western’s affections; he functions as a critical commentary on the societal pressures and moral compromises prevalent in 18th-century England, and a vehicle for Fielding’s exploration of genuine versus feigned virtue. This answer will delve into the multifaceted role of Master Blifil, examining his character, motivations, and ultimate significance within the narrative structure of *Tom Jones*.

The Character of Master Blifil: A Study in Hypocrisy

Master Blifil is initially presented as a model of decorum and religious devotion, a stark contrast to the boisterous and often impulsive Tom Jones. He is the son of Bridget Allworthy, and raised under the care of Squire Allworthy, who believes Blifil to be his natural son. This perceived legitimacy grants Blifil a social advantage and fuels his ambition. However, Fielding subtly reveals Blifil’s true nature through narrative irony and character interactions. Blifil’s piety is consistently shown to be performative, motivated by a desire for social advancement rather than genuine faith. He excels at outward displays of virtue, meticulously cultivating an image of respectability to manipulate those around him.

Blifil as a Foil to Tom Jones

The most significant aspect of Blifil’s role is his function as a foil to Tom Jones. While Tom is characterized by his natural goodness, generosity, and impulsive nature, Blifil represents calculated self-interest and social climbing. Their contrasting characters highlight Fielding’s central concern with distinguishing between true and false virtue. Tom’s flaws, though numerous, are ultimately rooted in his inherent goodness, while Blifil’s apparent virtues conceal a deeply flawed moral character. Consider the episode involving Mrs. Waters; Tom’s actions, though leading to complications, are driven by compassion, whereas Blifil’s attempts to exploit the situation reveal his manipulative tendencies.

Relationships and Motivations

Blifil’s relationships with other characters are defined by his ambition and manipulative strategies. His relationship with Squire Allworthy is particularly revealing. He actively seeks Allworthy’s approval and attempts to position himself as the worthy heir, constantly contrasting his own perceived virtues with Tom’s perceived failings. His pursuit of Sophia Western is similarly calculated, motivated not by genuine affection but by the social and economic advantages a marriage to her would bring. He actively works to discredit Tom in Sophia’s eyes, employing deceit and slander to achieve his goals. His animosity towards Tom stems from a deep-seated jealousy and a recognition that Tom’s natural charm and genuine goodness pose a threat to his carefully constructed image.

Blifil and the Critique of Social Climbing

Fielding uses Blifil to satirize the social climbing and hypocrisy prevalent in 18th-century England. Blifil’s relentless pursuit of respectability and social advancement, regardless of the moral cost, reflects the anxieties and ambitions of a society increasingly focused on status and wealth. He embodies the dangers of prioritizing outward appearances over genuine character. Fielding suggests that a society that values superficial virtue over authentic goodness is inherently corrupt. Blifil’s ultimate failure – his schemes are exposed, and he is left in a state of social and moral ruin – serves as a cautionary tale about the futility of pursuing social advancement through deceit and manipulation.

The Significance of Blifil’s Exposure

The eventual exposure of Blifil’s true character is crucial to the novel’s resolution. It reinforces Fielding’s moral framework, demonstrating that genuine virtue will ultimately triumph over hypocrisy and deceit. The revelation of his illegitimate birth further undermines his claims to respectability and highlights the arbitrary nature of social hierarchies. While Tom Jones faces challenges and setbacks, his inherent goodness ultimately leads to his vindication and happiness. Blifil, on the other hand, is left to face the consequences of his actions, a fitting punishment for his manipulative and self-serving behavior.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Master Blifil is far more than a simple antagonist in *Tom Jones*. He is a complex and carefully constructed character who serves as a critical foil to Tom, a satirical representation of social climbing and hypocrisy, and a vehicle for Fielding’s exploration of genuine versus feigned virtue. His role is essential to the novel’s thematic concerns and contributes significantly to its enduring relevance as a commentary on human nature and societal values. Blifil’s ultimate downfall reinforces Fielding’s moral vision, demonstrating the triumph of authenticity over artifice and the importance of genuine goodness in a world often dominated by superficiality.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Topics Covered

LiteratureCharacter18th Century LiteratureCharacter StudyNovel