UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-IV202410 Marks150 Words
Q12.

Gender Challenges in Public Service

In Indian culture and value system, an equal opportunity has been provided irrespective of gender identity. The number of women in public service has been steadily increasing over the years. Examine the gender-specific challenges faced by female public servants and suggest suitable measures to increase their efficiency in discharging their duties and maintaining high standards of probity.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of the evolving role of women in Indian public service, acknowledging both the progress made and the persistent challenges. The answer should begin by acknowledging the constitutional and cultural context of gender equality in India. It should then delve into specific challenges faced by women in public service – both professional and societal – and conclude with concrete, actionable measures to enhance their efficiency and uphold probity. A structure focusing on challenges, followed by solutions, is recommended.

Model Answer

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Introduction

India’s Constitution guarantees equality to all citizens irrespective of gender (Article 14, 15, 16). While traditionally, Indian society has held diverse views on women’s roles, there’s been a gradual shift towards greater female participation in all spheres, including public service. The representation of women in the All India Services and Central Civil Services has been steadily increasing, reaching approximately 24.5% in 2022 (as per data from the Department of Personnel and Training). However, this increased representation doesn’t automatically translate to equal opportunity or a level playing field. Female public servants continue to face unique challenges that impact their effectiveness and ability to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct.

Gender-Specific Challenges Faced by Female Public Servants

The challenges faced by women in public service are multifaceted, spanning professional, social, and familial domains.

  • Work-Life Balance: Balancing demanding career responsibilities with traditional societal expectations regarding childcare and household duties remains a significant hurdle. This is exacerbated by a lack of adequate institutional support like creches and flexible work arrangements.
  • Gender Stereotypes & Bias: Deep-rooted societal biases often lead to women being underestimated, overlooked for challenging assignments, or judged more harshly than their male counterparts. This can hinder their career progression.
  • Lack of Mentorship & Networking Opportunities: Women often lack access to the same informal networks and mentorship opportunities available to men, limiting their exposure and guidance.
  • Sexual Harassment & Hostile Work Environment: Despite the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, instances of harassment continue to occur, creating a hostile work environment and impacting morale and performance.
  • Limited Representation in Leadership Roles: While representation is increasing, women remain underrepresented in senior leadership positions, limiting their influence on policy-making and organizational culture.
  • Geographical Hardship & Security Concerns: Posting to remote or conflict-affected areas can pose unique challenges for women, including safety concerns and limited access to essential amenities.

Measures to Increase Efficiency and Maintain Probity

Addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach focusing on institutional reforms, attitudinal changes, and supportive policies.

  • Strengthening Implementation of POSH Act: Ensuring strict enforcement of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, with robust internal complaint committees and swift redressal mechanisms.
  • Promoting Flexible Work Arrangements: Implementing policies like work-from-home options, flexible working hours, and extended maternity/paternity leave to support work-life balance.
  • Investing in Childcare Infrastructure: Establishing creches and childcare facilities in government offices and residential areas to alleviate the burden of childcare.
  • Mentorship Programs: Launching dedicated mentorship programs pairing senior female public servants with junior colleagues to provide guidance and support.
  • Leadership Development Programs: Offering specialized leadership development programs designed to equip women with the skills and confidence to excel in leadership roles.
  • Gender Sensitization Training: Conducting mandatory gender sensitization training for all public servants to address unconscious biases and promote a more inclusive work environment.
  • Reservation in Promotions: Considering reservation in promotions to ensure adequate representation of women in senior positions, as recommended by various committees (e.g., the Committee on Empowerment of Women in the Civil Services).
  • Data Collection & Analysis: Regularly collecting and analyzing data on gender representation, career progression, and experiences of female public servants to identify areas for improvement.
  • Creating Women’s Networks: Encouraging the formation of women’s networks within government organizations to foster peer support and advocacy.

Ensuring Probity

Maintaining high standards of probity is crucial. Measures to support this include:

  • Transparent Recruitment & Promotion Processes: Ensuring fairness and transparency in all recruitment and promotion processes to minimize the scope for bias.
  • Robust Grievance Redressal Mechanisms: Establishing accessible and impartial grievance redressal mechanisms to address complaints of discrimination or harassment.
  • Promoting Ethical Leadership: Fostering a culture of ethical leadership that prioritizes integrity and accountability.

Conclusion

Increasing the representation of women in public service is not merely a matter of achieving gender equality; it’s essential for good governance. By proactively addressing the gender-specific challenges faced by female public servants and implementing supportive policies, India can unlock their full potential, enhance the efficiency of its bureaucracy, and uphold the highest standards of probity. A sustained commitment to these reforms is crucial for building a more inclusive and effective public service that truly reflects the diversity of the nation.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

POSH Act
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, is a legislative act in India intended to protect women against sexual harassment at the workplace.

Key Statistics

As of January 1, 2023, women constitute approximately 24.5% of the total strength of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).

Source: Department of Personnel and Training (DOPT), Government of India (Knowledge Cutoff: 2024)

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), there has been a steady increase in reported cases of crimes against women in India, highlighting the need for stronger enforcement of laws and greater societal awareness.

Source: National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Government of India (Knowledge Cutoff: 2024)

Examples

Indira Nooyi

Indira Nooyi, the former Chairperson and CEO of PepsiCo, serves as an example of a woman who successfully navigated a male-dominated corporate world, demonstrating strong leadership and ethical conduct.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of mentorship in supporting women in public service?

Mentorship provides guidance, support, and networking opportunities, helping women overcome challenges, build confidence, and advance their careers. It can also help address unconscious biases and promote a more inclusive work environment.

Topics Covered

Social IssuesGovernanceGender StudiesGender EqualityPublic AdministrationWomen Empowerment