Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The Constituent Assembly, formed in 1946, embarked on the monumental task of drafting a constitution for independent India. Recognizing the need for a guiding principle to shape the future nation, Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the ‘Objective Resolution’ on December 13, 1946. This resolution wasn’t a law itself, but a statement of intent, a philosophical framework outlining the goals and aspirations of the new Indian state. It served as the bedrock upon which the entire constitutional structure was built, embodying the ideals of a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
The Genesis and Content of the Objective Resolution
The Objective Resolution was a comprehensive statement that declared India as an independent, sovereign republic. It articulated the core values that would underpin the constitution. Key elements included:
- Sovereignty: Asserting India’s independent authority, free from external control.
- Socialism: A commitment to promoting the welfare of all sections of society and reducing economic inequalities (though the explicit mention of ‘socialism’ was added later, in 1976 during the Emergency).
- Secularism: Guaranteeing freedom of religion and equal respect for all faiths.
- Democracy: Establishing a government based on the consent of the governed, with universal adult suffrage.
- Republic: Rejecting hereditary rule and establishing an elected head of state.
- Territorial Integrity: Defining the boundaries of the Indian Union.
- Minority Rights: Ensuring safeguards for the interests of minorities.
Debates and Amendments
The Objective Resolution sparked extensive debates within the Constituent Assembly. While largely supported, it faced criticism from certain quarters. Members like Somnath Lahiri (CPI) argued it didn’t go far enough in addressing economic inequalities and advocated for a stronger socialist orientation. Hindu Mahasabha members raised concerns about the protection of Hindu interests.
Several amendments were proposed and debated. For instance, the inclusion of the term ‘socialist’ was a later addition, reflecting the growing influence of socialist ideas in Indian politics. The resolution was ultimately adopted on January 22, 1947, after incorporating some of these amendments.
Impact and Incorporation into the Constitution
The Objective Resolution served as the guiding star for the Drafting Committee, led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Its principles were directly reflected in the Preamble of the Constitution, which embodies the core values of sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, and justice.
Furthermore, the ideals enshrined in the Objective Resolution found expression in the Fundamental Rights (Part III) and the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) of the Constitution. For example, the commitment to social justice is reflected in Article 39, which directs the state to promote the welfare of all sections of the people. The emphasis on minority rights is enshrined in Articles 29 and 30.
Historical Significance
The Objective Resolution is considered a landmark document in Indian constitutional history. It provided a shared vision for the future of India, uniting diverse perspectives under a common framework. It also demonstrated the commitment of the Constituent Assembly to democratic principles and social justice. It was a crucial step in transitioning from colonial rule to a self-governing nation founded on the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
| Feature | Objective Resolution | Constitution (Preamble) |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Statement of Intent | Introductory Statement |
| Key Principles | Sovereignty, Socialism, Secularism, Democracy, Republic | Sovereignty, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic |
| Legal Status | Not legally enforceable | Legally significant, aids interpretation |
Conclusion
The Objective Resolution, though not a law in itself, was the foundational document that shaped the Indian Constitution. It articulated the core values and aspirations of the nation, providing a unifying vision for a diverse and newly independent India. Its principles continue to guide the interpretation and application of the Constitution, serving as a testament to the foresight and wisdom of the Constituent Assembly. The enduring relevance of the Resolution lies in its commitment to a just, equitable, and democratic society.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.