UPSC MainsPSYCHOLOGY-PAPER-I202415 Marks
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Q28.

What advice would you give to a civil servant to reduce prejudice and discrimination in Indian society? Discuss.

How to Approach

This question requires a nuanced understanding of prejudice and discrimination in the Indian context, coupled with practical advice for civil servants. The answer should begin by defining these terms and outlining the socio-historical roots of prejudice in India. It should then detail specific strategies a civil servant can employ, categorized for clarity (e.g., administrative actions, awareness campaigns, personal conduct). The answer should emphasize the importance of empathy, legal frameworks, and inclusive governance. A structured approach, using headings and bullet points, will enhance readability and comprehensiveness.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Prejudice, an unjustified negative attitude towards an individual based solely on their group membership, and discrimination, the behavioral manifestation of that prejudice, are deeply ingrained societal issues in India. Rooted in historical inequalities – caste, religion, gender, regionalism, and linguistic differences – these biases continue to permeate various aspects of life, hindering social harmony and equitable development. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data consistently reveals a significant number of crimes motivated by prejudice, particularly against marginalized communities. A civil servant, as a representative of the state, has a crucial role to play in mitigating these issues and fostering a more inclusive society. This answer will outline practical advice for civil servants to reduce prejudice and discrimination in India.

Understanding the Landscape of Prejudice in India

Before offering advice, it’s crucial to acknowledge the specific forms prejudice takes in India. These include:

  • Caste-based discrimination: Despite legal prohibitions, it persists in access to education, employment, and social opportunities.
  • Religious prejudice: Often manifested in communal tensions and violence.
  • Gender bias: Leading to discrimination in education, healthcare, and economic participation.
  • Regional and linguistic discrimination: Creating barriers to integration and opportunity.
  • Discrimination against marginalized groups: Including tribal communities, persons with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ individuals.

Strategies for Civil Servants

1. Administrative Actions & Policy Implementation

Civil servants can leverage their administrative powers to actively combat discrimination:

  • Strict enforcement of anti-discrimination laws: The Constitution of India (Articles 14-16) guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination. The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and the Prohibition of Employment on Grounds of Disability Act, 1995, must be rigorously implemented.
  • Inclusive policy formulation: Ensure that all policies are designed with the needs of marginalized groups in mind, conducting impact assessments to identify and mitigate potential discriminatory effects.
  • Transparent and merit-based recruitment: Implement fair and objective recruitment processes, minimizing opportunities for bias. Reservation policies, while important, should be coupled with measures to ensure the quality of education and skills development for all.
  • Effective grievance redressal mechanisms: Establish accessible and responsive mechanisms for individuals to report instances of discrimination and seek redressal.

2. Awareness Campaigns & Community Engagement

Raising awareness and fostering empathy are vital:

  • Public awareness campaigns: Utilize various media platforms to promote tolerance, understanding, and respect for diversity. These campaigns should highlight the harmful effects of prejudice and discrimination.
  • Community dialogue and engagement: Facilitate dialogues between different communities to address misconceptions and build trust.
  • Educational initiatives: Promote inclusive education that challenges stereotypes and promotes critical thinking. This includes incorporating lessons on social justice and human rights into school curricula.
  • Support civil society organizations: Collaborate with NGOs working to combat discrimination and promote equality.

3. Personal Conduct & Ethical Leadership

A civil servant’s personal conduct sets an example:

  • Self-awareness and bias mitigation: Recognize and address one’s own unconscious biases through training and self-reflection.
  • Impartiality and fairness: Treat all citizens with respect and dignity, regardless of their background.
  • Promote diversity within the administration: Encourage a diverse workforce that reflects the society it serves.
  • Lead by example: Demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity in all interactions and decisions.

4. Leveraging Technology

Technology can be a powerful tool for promoting inclusivity:

  • Digital literacy programs: Empower marginalized communities with digital skills to access information and opportunities.
  • Online platforms for reporting discrimination: Create secure and accessible platforms for reporting incidents of discrimination.
  • Data analytics to identify patterns of discrimination: Utilize data to identify areas where discrimination is prevalent and target interventions accordingly.

Challenges and Considerations

Implementing these strategies will not be without challenges. Deep-seated societal norms, political pressures, and bureaucratic inertia can hinder progress. It’s crucial to adopt a long-term perspective and prioritize sustained efforts. Furthermore, a nuanced understanding of local contexts is essential, as the specific forms and manifestations of prejudice vary across different regions of India.

Conclusion

Reducing prejudice and discrimination in Indian society is a complex and ongoing process. Civil servants, through a combination of administrative actions, awareness campaigns, ethical leadership, and strategic use of technology, can play a pivotal role in fostering a more inclusive and equitable society. Success requires a sustained commitment to the principles of justice, equality, and human dignity, coupled with a willingness to challenge existing power structures and address systemic inequalities. Ultimately, building a truly inclusive India demands a collective effort from all stakeholders, with civil servants leading the way.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Stereotype
A generalized belief about a particular category of people, often oversimplified and inaccurate, that can lead to prejudice and discrimination.
Intersectionality
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, creating overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage.

Key Statistics

According to the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21), women in India still face significant discrimination in access to education and healthcare, particularly in rural areas.

Source: National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21)

According to a 2022 report by Oxfam India, the wealth of the top 10% of Indians increased by 40% during the pandemic, while the bottom 50% experienced a decline in their wealth, highlighting economic inequality and potential for discrimination.

Source: Oxfam India Report (2022)

Examples

The Sabarimala Temple Case

The legal battle surrounding the entry of women of menstruating age into the Sabarimala Temple in Kerala highlighted deep-rooted gender bias and sparked widespread debate about religious traditions and gender equality.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can a civil servant address unconscious bias?

Civil servants can address unconscious bias through training programs, self-reflection exercises, and seeking feedback from colleagues. It's important to acknowledge that everyone has biases and to actively work to mitigate their influence on decision-making.

Topics Covered

PsychologySocial IssuesPrejudiceDiscriminationSocial JusticeIndia