Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Solar energy generation is central to India's commitment to energy transition, aiming for 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 and Net Zero by 2070. As a resource that leverages India's abundant solar insolation, it offers a dual dividend by substantially mitigating environmental impact while simultaneously fostering robust economic growth and enhancing energy security, which are critical imperatives for the nation's sustainable development trajectory.
Ecological Benefits
- Climate Change Mitigation: Solar power is carbon-neutral during operation, directly reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by displacing coal-based power. Example: The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan prevents millions of tonnes of $\text{CO}_2$ emissions annually.
- Water Conservation: PV solar plants consume significantly less water compared to thermal power plants, a crucial advantage in water-stressed regions.
- Air Quality Improvement: Reduced reliance on fossil fuels cuts down on harmful pollutants like $\text{SO}_2$ and $\text{NO}_\text{x}$, improving public health.
Economic Benefits
- Energy Security & Forex Savings: Increased domestic solar generation directly reduces the massive import bill for fossil fuels, strengthening the trade balance.
- Cost Competitiveness: Solar tariffs have plummeted, often becoming cheaper than thermal power, leading to lower electricity costs for consumers and industries.
- Employment & Rural Empowerment: The sector generates green jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. Example: Schemes like PM-KUSUM empower farmers by providing solar pumps and additional income from land leasing.
Conclusion
Solar energy thus serves as a powerful lever for sustainable progress in India, simultaneously safeguarding the environment by decarbonizing the energy sector and stimulating economic activity through cost reduction, job creation, and enhanced energy independence. Continued focus on grid integration and domestic manufacturing under schemes like the PLI will be key to realizing its full potential.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.