UPSC Prelims 1998·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Indonesian forest fire in 1997 was caused by

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. Agreenhouse effect
  2. Bdepletion of ozone layer
  3. CEl Nino effects
  4. DNone of the aboveCorrect

Explanation

The correct answer is D because the primary cause of the 1997 Indonesian forest fires was human activity, specifically slash and burn agriculture used for land clearing. While El Nino did create severe drought conditions that allowed the fires to spread uncontrollably and last longer, it was a contributing factor rather than the root cause. Since the actual cause was anthropogenic land clearing and none of the listed environmental phenomena initiated the fires, None of the above is the most accurate choice.
geography: Indonesian forest fire in 1997 was caused by

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