UPSC Prelims 2003·GS1·art-and-culture·performing arts

Consider the following statement: 1. Kitab-I-Nauras, a collection of songs in praise of Hindu deities and Muslim saints, was written by Ibrahim Adil Shah II 2. Amir Khusrau was the originator in India of the early form of the musical style known as Qawwali. Which of these statements is/are correct?

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  1. AOnly 1
  2. BOnly 2
  3. CBoth 1 and 2Correct
  4. DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

The correct answer is C because both statements are historically accurate. Statement 1 is correct because Ibrahim Adil Shah II, the ruler of the Bijapur Sultanate, wrote the Kitab i Nauras in the 17th century. It is a famous collection of songs written in Dakhni Urdu that reflects his religious tolerance and devotion to both Hindu deities like Saraswati and Muslim Sufi saints. Statement 2 is correct because Amir Khusrau, a 13th century Sufi musician and poet, is traditionally credited as the father of Qawwali. He fused Persian, Arabic, and Indian musical traditions to create this devotional style, which remains a key part of the Sufi culture in South Asia.
art-and-culture: Consider the following statement: 1. Kitab-I-Nauras, a collection of songs in praise of Hindu deities and Muslim saints,

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