UPSC Prelims 2005·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Virtual water trade is being looked at by experts as a solution to the world’s water crisis. What does virtual water (VW) imply?

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  1. AVolume of heavy water required to replace ordinary water.
  2. BVolume of water required to produce a commodityCorrect
  3. CVolume of water saved by using rainwater harvesting
  4. DVolume of water utilized by an effective flood control.

Explanation

Virtual water refers to the hidden volume of water consumed during the entire production process of a commodity or service. For example, the virtual water of a kilogram of beef includes all the water used to grow the cattle feed and the water consumed by the animal itself. When goods are traded internationally, this embedded water is effectively transferred from the exporting country to the importing country. Experts view this as a solution to water crises because water-scarce regions can import water-intensive goods instead of producing them locally, thereby conserving their own limited domestic water resources. This makes option B the only accurate definition.
geography: Virtual water trade is being looked at by experts as a solution to the world’s water crisis. What does virtual water (VW

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