Which one of the following cities is not a former capital of the given country (country given in the brackets)?

The correct answer is D because Brisbane has never served as the capital of Australia. Since the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as the temporary seat of government until 1927, when the purpose-built city of Canberra became the permanent capital. In contrast, the other cities mentioned were former capitals of their respective countries. Karachi was the original capital of Pakistan before it was moved to Islamabad. Auckland was the capital of New Zealand before the seat of government shifted to Wellington. Kyoto served as the imperial capital of Japan for over a thousand years before the capital was moved to Tokyo.