UPSC Prelims 2011·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Consider the following statements: 1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes. 2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. A1 only
  2. B2 only
  3. CBoth 1 and 2Correct
  4. DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

The correct option is C because both statements describe the general patterns of biodiversity distribution on Earth. Statement 1 is correct because lower latitudes, specifically the tropical regions near the equator, receive more solar energy and have a more stable, warm climate throughout the year. These conditions support higher primary productivity and a wider variety of species compared to the harsh, seasonal climates of higher latitudes like the temperate or polar zones. Statement 2 is correct because as altitude increases on a mountain, environmental conditions become more extreme. Lower altitudes usually offer warmer temperatures, higher oxygen levels, and better soil conditions, supporting more life. As one moves to higher altitudes, the drop in temperature and oxygen levels creates a stress environment that limits the number of species that can survive.
geography: Consider the following statements: 1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher
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