UPSC Prelims 2012·GS1·geography·human and economic geography

Consider the following specific stages of demographic transition associated with economic development: 1. Low birthrate with low death rate 2. High birthrate with high death rate 3. High birthrate with low death rate Select the correct order of the above stages using the codes given below:

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. A1, 2, 3
  2. B2, 1, 3
  3. C2, 3, 1Correct
  4. D3, 2, 1

Explanation

The Demographic Transition Model explains the transformation of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as they develop economically. Stage 1 is the Pre-industrial stage. Here, both birthrates and death rates are high due to lack of medical knowledge and food insecurity, resulting in a stable or slow-growing population. This corresponds to statement 2. Stage 2 is the Transitional stage. Improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply lead to a sharp decline in death rates, while birthrates remain high. This results in rapid population growth. This corresponds to statement 3. Stage 3 is the Industrial and Post-industrial stage. As society becomes more urban and educated, birthrates decline to match the low death rates, leading to a stable or declining population. This corresponds to statement 1. Therefore, the correct chronological order of the stages is 2, 3, 1, making option C the correct answer.
geography: Consider the following specific stages of demographic transition associated with economic development: 1. Low birthrate

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