UPSC Prelims 2025·GS1·science-and-technology·science and technology

Consider the following types of vehicles : I. Full battery electric vehicles II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles III. Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AOnly one
  2. BOnly two
  3. CAll the threeCorrect
  4. DNone

Explanation

All three vehicle types mentioned are considered alternative powertrain vehicles: I. Full battery electric vehicles: These run entirely on electric power stored in batteries, producing zero direct emissions and representing a complete departure from fossil fuel dependency. II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: These use hydrogen to generate electricity through fuel cells, emitting only water vapor and offering rapid refueling capabilities similar to conventional vehicles. III. Fuel cell electric hybrid vehicles: These combine fuel cell technology with battery storage, offering flexibility in power delivery and optimized energy management for different driving conditions. All three represent alternatives to conventional internal combustion engines and are part of the global clean mobility transition strategy.
science-and-technology: Consider the following types of vehicles : I. Full battery electric vehicles II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles III. Fuel c
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