Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct ? 1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre. 2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm. 3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack. Select the answer using the code given below :

The correct answer is Option B (2 and 3 only).

Why the correct option is correct:

• Statement 2 is correct: A defining feature of a drone swarm is decentralized "swarm intelligence." Individual drones within the swarm communicate continuously with one another (often via ad-hoc mesh networks) to share spatial data, coordinate flight paths, avoid collisions, and collaboratively execute missions without needing micro-management from a central node [1, 4].
• Statement 3 is correct: GPS spoofing is a prominent counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS) technique used to neutralize drone swarm attacks [3, 4]. By transmitting fake, high-power Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, defenders can override legitimate satellite data. This disorients the swarm's navigation systems, allowing defenders to force the drones off course, crash them, or compel them to land safely [4, 9, 10].

Why the wrong option is wrong:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) typically communicate with command centres using standard radio frequency (RF) bands, such as UHF, VHF, L-band, S-band, or ISM bands (2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz). The Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) is a highly experimental frequency range envisioned for future 6G networks [1, 2]. It is not currently used for standard command centre communication due to severe atmospheric attenuation (molecular absorption by water vapor), massive path loss, and the requirement for highly precise line-of-sight beam alignment [1, 2, 7].

Concluding Takeaway: Think of a drone swarm like a flock of birds: they constantly "talk" to each other to maintain formation (inter-node mesh networking), but they can be defeated by tricking their sense of direction via GPS spoofing. Terahertz technology remains an experimental 6G frontier, not a current operational standard.