Question 95

Let's examine the statements concerning 'Eco-Sensitive Zones' (ESZs):

1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This statement is incorrect. Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) or Ecologically Fragile Areas are declared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. While they are usually declared around Protected Areas (National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries), the legal basis for their declaration is the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, not the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture. This statement is incorrect. The primary purpose of declaring ESZs is to act as a transition zone or 'shock absorber' around Protected Areas. The aim is to regulate, and not prohibit, certain activities around these areas to minimize the negative impacts on the fragile ecosystems. While highly polluting industries, commercial mining, and setting up major hydro-electric projects are typically prohibited, other human activities, including regulated agriculture, horticulture, local livelihoods, and eco-tourism, are generally permitted with appropriate regulations and safeguards. The idea is sustainable coexistence, not complete prohibition of all human activities except agriculture.

Since both statements are incorrect, the correct answer is 'Neither 1 nor 2'.