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Question 92

What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?

AOptions

A) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics by Lord Minto

B) Extremists' lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government

C) Foundation of Muslim League

D) Aurobindo Ghosh's inability to be elected as the President of the Indian National Congress

BSolution

The main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907 was the growing ideological divide between the Moderates and the Extremists. The Extremists, led by figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, believed that the Moderates' methods of prayer, petition, and protest were ineffective in achieving Swaraj. They advocated for more assertive methods like Swadeshi, Boycott, and National Education, and had lost faith in the Moderates' ability or willingness to challenge British rule effectively. This fundamental difference in approach and strategy led to the irreconcilable split, not the introduction of communalism, the foundation of the Muslim League (which was a separate development), or Aurobindo Ghosh's election.

CStrategy

For questions on historical events like party splits, focus on the underlying ideological differences and the key figures or factions involved. Understand the methods and goals of each group to grasp the core reasons for the conflict.

DSyllabus Analysis

This question falls under Modern Indian History, specifically the Indian National Movement and the evolution of political ideologies within the Congress.

EQuestion Analysis

Easy. The Surat Split is a foundational event in the Indian National Movement, and its causes are well-documented.