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Question 41

Consider the following statements:
1. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides into environment.
2. Cattle release ammonia into environment.
3. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen compounds into environment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

AOptions

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 2 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

BSolution

Let's analyze each statement regarding emissions from agricultural and related activities:

1. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides into environment. Correct. The application of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture, as well as natural microbial processes (nitrification and denitrification) in soil, lead to the emission of various nitrogen oxides, including nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a powerful greenhouse gas, and nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which contribute to air pollution.

2. Cattle release ammonia into environment. Correct. Livestock, particularly cattle, excrete large amounts of nitrogen in their urine and feces. Ammonia (NH3) is released through the volatilization of nitrogen compounds from manure and grazing lands. Ammonia contributes to air pollution, particulate matter formation, and acidification.

3. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen compounds into environment. Correct. The poultry industry, especially large-scale operations, is a significant source of ammonia and other reactive nitrogen compounds. These emissions primarily come from the decomposition of uric acid in poultry litter (manure mixed with bedding material). High concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds can lead to air quality issues and eutrophication of water bodies.

All three statements are correct, highlighting the various ways in which agricultural practices contribute to nitrogen compound emissions and environmental pollution.

CStrategy

For questions on environmental emissions, consider the broad impacts of various human activities, especially agriculture. Think about nutrient cycles (like nitrogen) and how different forms of waste or inputs can lead to atmospheric releases. A general understanding of major pollutants and their sources is helpful.

DSyllabus Analysis

This question falls under the Environment & Ecology (Air Pollution, Agriculture, Greenhouse Gases) section of the UPSC Prelims syllabus.

EQuestion Analysis

Easy to Medium. These are generally known facts about agricultural sources of pollution and greenhouse gases.