Question 85

In the context of polity, 'liberty' is not merely the absence of external restraints (negative liberty) but also the presence of conditions necessary for individuals to achieve their full potential (positive liberty).

• A) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers: This is a crucial aspect of liberty, as it ensures freedom from arbitrary power. However, it's a condition for liberty rather than a comprehensive definition of liberty itself.
• B) Absence of restraint: This represents a narrow, negative view of liberty. While freedom from restraint is part of liberty, true liberty in a political sense goes beyond this. An individual might be free from restraint but lack the means or opportunities to act on their desires or develop themselves.
• C) Opportunity to do whatever one likes: This can lead to anarchy and infringe upon the liberty of others. Liberty is not absolute and must be exercised responsibly within a framework that respects the rights of others.
• D) Opportunity to develop oneself fully: This is the most comprehensive and appropriate definition of liberty in a political context. It encompasses both freedom from undue restraints and the provision of conditions and opportunities (economic, social, political) that enable individuals to realize their capabilities, pursue their goals, and contribute to society. This aligns with the concept of positive liberty, which is a cornerstone of modern democratic thought.