Question 10
International agreement/set-up Subject
1. Alma-Ata Declaration : Healthcare of the people
2. Hague Convention : Biological and chemical weapons
3. Talanoa Dialogue : Global climate change
4. Under2 Coalition : Child rights
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
AOptions
BSolution
Let's examine each pair:
1. Alma-Ata Declaration : Healthcare of the people - This pair is correctly matched. The International Conference on Primary Health Care, held in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) in 1978, produced the Alma-Ata Declaration. This declaration established primary health care as the key to achieving the goal of "Health for All" and emphasized comprehensive healthcare, community participation, and intersectoral collaboration.
2. Hague Convention : Biological and chemical weapons - This pair is incorrectly matched. The Hague Conventions (a series of international treaties first agreed upon in 1899 and 1907) primarily dealt with the laws of war, aiming to regulate the conduct of warfare and establish principles for international humanitarian law. Biological and chemical weapons are specifically addressed by separate international treaties: the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) of 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) of 1993, respectively.
3. Talanoa Dialogue : Global climate change - This pair is correctly matched. The Talanoa Dialogue was a facilitative dialogue launched at the 23rd Conference of the Parties (COP 23) to the UNFCCC in Bonn, Germany, in 2017. Its purpose was to take stock of the collective efforts of parties in relation to progress towards the long-term goal under the Paris Agreement on climate change and to inform the preparation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs).
4. Under2 Coalition : Child rights - This pair is incorrectly matched. The Under2 Coalition is a global alliance of states, provinces, and subnational governments committed to achieving ambitious greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Specifically, members commit to keeping global temperature rise to well below 2°C, with efforts to reach 1.5°C. It is focused on climate action and climate change mitigation, not child rights.
Based on the analysis, only pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.
CStrategy
For questions on international organizations and agreements, it is crucial to have a general understanding of their primary mandates and key initiatives. Many organizations or agreements have names that can be misleading, so verifying their specific focus is important. Knowledge of recent global events and summits (like COP meetings) often helps identify relevant dialogues or coalitions.
DSyllabus Analysis
This question falls under the International Relations and Environment sections of the UPSC Prelims syllabus, specifically covering international organizations, treaties, and environmental agreements.
EQuestion Analysis
Medium to Difficult. This question requires specific knowledge of various international agreements and organizations, some of which might not be mainstream. Misinformation or partial knowledge about the mandate of these bodies can lead to errors.