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Question 48

With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire.
3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

AOptions

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 only

C) 2 and 3

D) 3 only

BSolution

Let's analyze each statement regarding the emergence of regional kingdoms:

1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State: This statement is correct. The Nawabs of Arcot (or Carnatic) were initially appointed as deputies (Faujdar and later Nazim) by the Nizam of Hyderabad. As the central Mughal authority and the Nizam's power weakened in the 18th century, the Nawabs of Arcot asserted their independence, effectively forming a separate polity that emerged from the larger Hyderabad State's control.

2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire: This statement is correct. The Wodeyar dynasty, which later established the independent Kingdom of Mysore, began as feudatories under the powerful Vijayanagara Empire. With the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire after the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the Wodeyars asserted their autonomy and gradually expanded their control, establishing Mysore as an independent kingdom.

3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani: This statement is incorrect. The Rohilkhand kingdom was established by Afghan adventurers (Rohillas) in the fertile Gangetic plains (present-day Western Uttar Pradesh) during the early 18th century. They carved out their territory from the crumbling Mughal Empire. While Ahmad Shah Durrani's invasions later weakened the Mughal Empire further, the formation of Rohilkhand predates his major occupations of these specific territories and was not directly formed 'out of' territories occupied by him, but rather 'out of' the declining Mughal domains.

Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

CStrategy

For questions on the emergence of regional kingdoms, understand the broader historical context of imperial decline (e.g., Mughal, Vijayanagara) and how various smaller states asserted their independence from or rose within the remnants of larger empires. Pay attention to the precise relationship of emergence (e.g., from a feudatory state, from directly occupied territories).

DSyllabus Analysis

This question falls under the Medieval and Modern Indian History sections, specifically focusing on the decline of major empires and the emergence of successor states or regional powers.

EQuestion Analysis

Medium to Difficult. Requires precise knowledge of the origins and relationships of various regional kingdoms.