Question 93
AOptions
BSolution
Let's analyze the statements about Sangam literature:
A) Sangam poems are not devoid of references to material culture. They vividly describe various aspects of material life, including trade, agriculture, warfare, different types of towns and cities, arts, and crafts of the period.
B) The social classification of Varna (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra) was indeed known to Sangam poets and is reflected in the literature, although the social structure in Sangam age South India was distinct and not as rigid as in the North. References to various social groups and their occupations, which align with varna-like divisions, can be found. Therefore, this statement is correct.
C) Sangam poems have extensive references to warrior ethic. War, heroism, and the valor of warriors are central themes in many Sangam texts, particularly the 'Purananuru' poems. The literature glorifies kings, chieftains, and their martial prowess.
D) Sangam literature does not necessarily refer to magical forces as irrational. Instead, it often incorporates elements of folk beliefs, rituals, and supernatural phenomena, which were integral to the worldview of the time and not always dismissed as irrational.
Thus, statement B correctly describes a characteristic of Sangam literature.
CStrategy
For questions on ancient literature, focus on understanding the general themes, social context, and cultural reflections present in the texts. Avoid extreme statements like 'devoid of' or 'no reference to,' as they are often incorrect.
DSyllabus Analysis
This question pertains to Ancient Indian History, specifically the culture and society of the Sangam Age in South India as depicted in its literature.
EQuestion Analysis
Medium. While Sangam literature is part of the syllabus, understanding its nuances regarding social structure and cultural elements requires a good grasp of the subject.