Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The demand for new states in India is a recurring theme in Indian politics, reflecting aspirations for better governance, resource allocation, and recognition of distinct identities. Article 3 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to alter the boundaries, areas, and names of states. Historically, states have been reorganized primarily on linguistic lines, as exemplified by the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. However, recent demands often stem from perceived regional imbalances, administrative inefficiencies, and socio-cultural distinctiveness, leading to complex political and administrative considerations. The creation of Telangana in 2014, after decades of struggle, has reinvigorated similar movements across the country.
Constitutional Provisions & Historical Context
The power to create new states rests with the Parliament, as per Article 3 of the Constitution. This power is not absolute and requires a simple majority in both houses. The States Reorganisation Commission (1953-56), headed by Fazal Ali, played a pivotal role in the initial reorganization of states based on linguistic principles. This led to the creation of states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala.
Categorizing the Demands for New States
The demands for new states can be broadly categorized as follows:
- Linguistic Demands: These are rooted in the desire for states based on distinct languages. Examples include the demand for Gorkhaland (Nepali language) and Vidarbha (Marathi language).
- Cultural & Ethnic Demands: These arise from the desire to protect and promote unique cultural identities. The demand for Bodoland (Bodo tribe) in Assam falls under this category.
- Regional Imbalance & Development: These demands stem from perceived neglect and underdevelopment of specific regions within existing states. The demand for Saurashtra in Gujarat and Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh are examples.
- Administrative Efficiency: Some demands are based on the argument that smaller states are more manageable and responsive to local needs. The creation of Uttarakhand and Jharkhand from larger states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were partly justified on these grounds.
Current Demands & Their Underlying Issues
| State Demand | State(s) Involved | Key Issues |
|---|---|---|
| Gorkhaland | West Bengal | Nepali identity, political representation, economic development. |
| Vidarbha | Maharashtra | Regional imbalance, agricultural distress, separate identity. |
| Bundelkhand | Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh | Underdevelopment, poverty, lack of infrastructure. |
| Kodagu/Coorg | Karnataka | Preservation of unique culture and identity. |
Challenges & Consequences of State Reorganization
Creating new states is not without its challenges:
- Inter-State Disputes: Reorganization can lead to disputes over resources (water, land), boundary demarcation, and revenue sharing.
- Administrative & Financial Burden: Establishing new administrative infrastructure (secretariats, courts, police forces) is costly and time-consuming.
- Political Instability: The process of state formation can be politically divisive and lead to social unrest.
- Viability Concerns: Smaller states may lack the economic resources and administrative capacity to be self-sufficient.
However, smaller states can also offer benefits like improved governance, better targeting of welfare schemes, and increased political participation at the local level.
Conclusion
The demands for new states in India are complex and multifaceted, reflecting a dynamic interplay of socio-political and geographical factors. While state reorganization can address legitimate grievances and promote better governance, it also carries significant risks and challenges. A careful and comprehensive assessment of the potential benefits and drawbacks, along with inclusive dialogue with all stakeholders, is essential before considering any such changes. The focus should be on addressing the root causes of discontent – regional imbalances, administrative inefficiencies, and socio-cultural marginalization – rather than simply redrawing state boundaries.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.